Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment in the Textile, Garment, and Leather Industry

The subject of this paper is analysis and assessment of foreign direct investment (FDI) as made by transnational corporations in the textile, garment, and leather industry on a world economic scale under conditions of globalization. Significant changes are occurring in the sector and industry structure of global FDI. In terms of the three sectors of the economy, a long-term shift of FDI to the service sector at a cost to investments in manufacturing may be seen. Foreign investments are being made in the textile, garment, and leather industry. They are growing in the long term. However, the dynamics of the FDI streams flowing to this industry is one of the lowest in manufacturing. Over the long term (1990-2007), the share of the textile, garment, and leather industry in global FDI stock decreased from 1.5% to 0.6% in 2007. In spite of the labour-intensive character of this industry, in their bulk, the FDI are destined to the highly developed countries.Przedmiotem artykuł;u jest analiza i ocena bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych (BIZ), dokonywanych przez korporacje transnarodowe w przemyśle tekstylno-odzieżowym i skórzanym w skali gospodarki światowej. W warunkach globalizacji obserwuje się wzrost wartości skumulowanych BIZ i ich rocznych strumieni w skali świata, przy jednoczesnym przesunięciu pozycji gł;ównych inwestorów i krajów przyjmujących, mierzonej udział;ami w zasobach i strumieniach BIZ. Znaczące zmiany występują w strukturze sektorowej i gał;ęziowej BIZ. W ukł;adzie trzech sektorów gospodarki obserwuje się dł;ugookresowe przesunięcie BIZ do sektora usł;ug, kosztem inwestycji w przetwórstwo przemysł;owe. W przemyśle tekstylno-odzieżowym i skórzanym dokonywane są inwestycje zagraniczne, zwiększające się w dł;ugim okresie, jednak dynamika strumieni BIZ napł;ywających do tego przemysł;u jest jedną z najniższych w przetwórstwie przemysł;owym. W dł;ugim okresie (1990-2007) udział; przemysł;u tekstylno-odzieżowego i skórzanego w globalnych skumulowanych BIZ zmniejszył; się z 1,5% do 0,6% w 2007r. Mimo pracochł;onnego charakteru przemysł;u, BIZ lokowane są przeważającej mierze w krajach wysoko rozwiniętych

Free vibrations of an unbounded periodically reinforced elastic layer

The object of analysis is an unbounded layer made of two isotropic, linear elastic materials and periodically laminated along the Ox1 axis (cf. Fig.1). The layer is resting on the rigid base. It is assumed that the laminas are homogeneous and their number is very large. Hence we deal with a certain microstructured layer. The aim of this contribution is to propose a certain mass discretized model for the analysis of vibrations of the layer. It is shown that there exist two kinds of these vibrations which are independent of x2 and x3 coordinates

The technique of inhalation anaethesia in experimental investigation in the rat

The rat is the most frequently used animal in scientific inquiry conducted for the purpose of advancing basic knowledge that may lead to an improvement in the results of treatment. Understanding of the pharmacological properties of inhalation anaesthetics, in combination with monitoring of their concentration in the inspired and end-tidal gas, together provide safe and precise control of the depth of the anaesthesia. However, accurate application of the inhalation method of anaesthesia requires special equipment for the delivery and effective scavenging of inhalation anaesthetics

The pathophysiology of intracerebral haemorrhage

Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage carries a high mortality rate and treatment of the disease raises more questions then answers. Mass effect, ischaemia and toxicity of blood components are responsible for brain tissue damage. Initially occurring disturbances of cerebral blood flow have a temporary character and do not play a key role in the pathology of intracerebral haematoma. Oedema formatting in the 24–48 hours after intracerebral bleeding is the result of multidirectional processes. The pathological mechanism that underlines it is the function of activation of systemic complement and cascade of coagulation. In the light of these findings, further clinical and experimental investigations should be focused on these factors

Generalization of the H.A. Schwarz Theorem on Stability of Minimal Surfaces

We proved two theorems on stability of minimal submanifolds in a Riemannian space, which can be included in a regular family of minimal submanifolds.Доведено дві теореми про стійкість мінімальних підбагатовидів в рімановому просторі, якщо мінімальний підбагатовид можливо включити в регулярну сім'ю мінімальних підбагатовидів

Generalization of the H.A. Schwarz Theorem on Stability of Minimal Surfaces

We proved two theorems on stability of minimal submanifolds in a Riemannian space, which can be included in a regular family of minimal submanifolds.Доведено дві теореми про стійкість мінімальних підбагатовидів в рімановому просторі, якщо мінімальний підбагатовид можливо включити в регулярну сім'ю мінімальних підбагатовидів

Stress Response after Race and Endurance Training Sessions and Competitions in Arabian Horses

Assuring a high level of animal welfare is a critical aspect of contemporary animal husbandry. Equine athletes begin their careers at a very young age when they are still developing and they are both physically and mentally immature. Lack of scientific knowledge of the stress related to horse racing impedes the development of optimal training programs to attain equilibrium between the best sport results and optimal welfare. This study aimed to determine the influence of the intensity and type of physical activity on peripheral blood cortisol concentration. Thirty untrained Arabians, 9 endurance and 21 race horses were enrolled in this longitudinal study. Blood samples were analysed every 3-weeks in 4 training sessions and 2 races in racing horses and monthly after 2 training sessions and 1 competition in endurance horses. Cortisol concentration was measured at rest and 30 min. after physical effort. Racing horses were divided into two groups of the best and the worst performers. Cortisol concentration increased significantly after training and competition, however both in racing and endurance horses the increase was more intensive after competition. In the racing horses, cortisol concentration tended to gradually increase after the subsequent trainings during the racing season, however the starting gate did not appear to exert any impact on cortisol concentration. The best performing race horses appeared to have a lesser increase in cortisol concentration after the race than the worst performing horses, however the cortisol concentration after the race was not significantly different between these two groups of horses. This study suggests that an optimal training program can induce a stress response which is likely not to have any harmful impact on an athlete’s welfare. The more intense effort associated with competition events, both in race and endurance horses, results in a greater stress response, indicating that these kinds of events should be limited to assure animal welfare. Finally, better performance horses adapt more readily to physical activity as they experience less increase of serum cortisol concentration after the race

High-throughput isolation and characterization of untagged membrane protein complexes: outer membrane complexes of Desulfovibrio vulgaris.

Cell membranes represent the "front line" of cellular defense and the interface between a cell and its environment. To determine the range of proteins and protein complexes that are present in the cell membranes of a target organism, we have utilized a "tagless" process for the system-wide isolation and identification of native membrane protein complexes. As an initial subject for study, we have chosen the Gram-negative sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris. With this tagless methodology, we have identified about two-thirds of the outer membrane- associated proteins anticipated. Approximately three-fourths of these appear to form homomeric complexes. Statistical and machine-learning methods used to analyze data compiled over multiple experiments revealed networks of additional protein-protein interactions providing insight into heteromeric contacts made between proteins across this region of the cell. Taken together, these results establish a D. vulgaris outer membrane protein data set that will be essential for the detection and characterization of environment-driven changes in the outer membrane proteome and in the modeling of stress response pathways. The workflow utilized here should be effective for the global characterization of membrane protein complexes in a wide range of organisms

Ab initio study of defect interactions between the negatively charged nitrogen vacancy centre and the carbon self-interstitial in diamond

Fabrication techniques for nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond require the creation of Frenkel defects (vacancy-interstitial pairs) the components of which can interact with formed NV centres affecting their photophysical properties. Here we use Density Functional Theory simulations of inter-defect electronic and strain interactions to explore how the NV centre and carbon self-interstitial interact in different configurations. We find that hybridization occurs between the NV centre e-orbitals and the carbon self-interstitial when an interstitial is present on the vacancy side of the NV centre. We propose that this phenomenon may explain the fluorescence blinking of NV centres observed during annealing