5,359 research outputs found
Spatiotemporal mode-locking in multimode fiber lasers
A laser is based on the electromagnetic modes of its resonator, which
provides the feedback required for oscillation. Enormous progress has been made
in controlling the interactions of longitudinal modes in lasers with a single
transverse mode. For example, the field of ultrafast science has been built on
lasers that lock many longitudinal modes together to form ultrashort light
pulses. However, coherent superposition of many longitudinal and transverse
modes in a laser has received little attention. The multitude of disparate
frequency spacings, strong dispersions, and complex nonlinear interactions
among modes greatly favor decoherence over the emergence of order. Here we
report the locking of multiple transverse and longitudinal modes in fiber
lasers to generate ultrafast spatiotemporal pulses. We construct multimode
fiber cavities using graded-index multimode fiber (GRIN MMF). This causes
spatial and longitudinal mode dispersions to be comparable. These dispersions
are counteracted by strong intracavity spatial and spectral filtering. Under
these conditions, we achieve spatiotemporal, or multimode (MM), mode-locking. A
variety of other multimode nonlinear dynamical processes can also be observed.
Multimode fiber lasers thus open new directions in studies of three-dimensional
nonlinear wave propagation. Lasers that generate controllable spatiotemporal
fields, with orders-of-magnitude increases in peak power over existing designs,
should be possible. These should increase laser utility in many established
applications and facilitate new ones
Cavity Light Bullets: 3D Localized Structures in a Nonlinear Optical Resonator
We consider the paraxial model for a nonlinear resonator with a saturable
absorber beyond the mean-field limit and develop a method to study the
modulational instabilities leading to pattern formation in all three spatial
dimensions. For achievable parametric domains we observe total radiation
confinement and the formation of 3D localised bright structures. At difference
from freely propagating light bullets, here the self-organization proceeds from
the resonator feedback, combined with diffraction and nonlinearity. Such
"cavity" light bullets can be independently excited and erased by appropriate
pulses, and once created, they endlessly travel the cavity roundtrip. Also, the
pulses can shift in the transverse direction, following external field
gradients.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, simulations files available at
http://www.ba.infn.it/~maggipin/PRLmovies.htm, submitted to Physical Review
Letters on 24 March 200
Parameter Optimization in Groundwater using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition as a Reduced Modeling Technique
http://www.epsmso.gr/all_conf_index/abstracts/ic-scce_2012_abs054.pdfInternational audienceThis paper deals with different approaches of applying Proper Orthogonal Decomposition in the field of groundwater flow, specifically the Richards equation, which is a convection-diffusion partial differential equation governing the behaviour of unsaturated fluid flow through a porous medium. The motivation for this research is the need to reduce computational complexity in inverse modelling studies, where a significant number of simulations are needed to determine suitable model parameters. Three different methods of implementing Proper Orthogonal Decomposition are explored. The first method is the Petrov-Galerkin method, a method well suited to speeding up linear problems. The second method is a "Hybrid" method, and proposes a linearization of all non-linear functions, building upon the Petrov-Galerkin approach. As such, it is suitable for use in the non-saturated groundwater zone. The third method combines the use of kriging and Proper Orthogonal to create a non-intrusive model for comparison purposes. With these three methods, the suitability of Proper Orthogonal as a reduced modelling method for unsaturated groundwater flow is shown
An Analysis of the Decay with Predictions from Heavy Quark and Chiral Symmetry
This paper considers the implications of the heavy quark and chiral
symmetries for the semi-leptonic decay . The general kinematic analysis for decays of the form {\sl
pseudoscalar meson vector meson pseudoscalar meson lepton
anti-lepton} is presented. This formalism is applied to the above exclusive
decay which allows the differential decay rate to be expressed in a form that
is ideally suited for the experimental determination of the different form
factors for the process through angular distribution measurements. Heavy quark
and chiral symmetry predictions for the form factors are presented, and the
differential decay rate is calculated in the kinematic region where chiral
perturbation theory is valid.Comment: 15 pages, uses jytex.tex and tables.tex; 3 figures not included but
available on reques
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Unbalanced exchange flow and its implications for the night cooling of buildings by displacement ventilation
AbstractPassive ventilation of buildings at night forms an essential part of a low-energy cooling strategy, enabling excess heat that has accumulated during the day to self-purge and be replaced with cooler night air. Instrumental to the success of a purge are the locations and areas of ventilation openings, and openings positioned at low and at high levels are a common choice as there is then the expectation that a buoyancy-driven displacement flow will establish and persist. Desirable for their efficiency, displacement flows guide excess heat out through high-level openings and cooler air in through low-level openings. Herein we show that displacement flow cannot be maintained for the full duration of a purge. Instead, the flow must transition to an ‘unbalanced exchange flow’, whereby the cool inflow of air at low level is maintained but there is now a warm outflow and a cool inflow occurring simultaneously at the high-level opening. The internal redistribution of heat caused by this exchange alters the rate at which heat is self-purged and the time thought necessary to complete a purge. We develop a theoretical model that captures and predicts these behaviours. Our approach is distinct from all others which assume that a displacement flow will persist throughout the purge. Based on this enhanced understanding, and specifically that the transition to unbalanced exchange flow changes the rate of cooling and resultant emptying times, we anticipate that practitioners will be better placed to design passive systems that meet their target specifications for cooling.</jats:p
Resonant Absorption in the AGN spectra emerging from photoionized gas: differences between steep and flat ionizing continua
We present photoionization models accounting for both photoelectric and
resonant absorption. Resonance absorption lines from C, O, Ne, Mg, Si S and Fe
between 0.1 and 10 keV are treated. In particular we consider the complex of
almost 60 strong Fe L absorption lines around 1 keV. We calculate profiles,
intensities and equivalent widths of each line, considering both Doppler and
natural broadening mechanisms. Doppler broadening includes a term accounting
for turbulence of the gas along the line of sight. We computed spectra
transmitted by gas illuminated by drastically different ionizing continua and
compared them to spectra observed in flat X-ray spectrum, broad optical
emission line type 1 AGN, and steep X-ray spectrum, narrow optical emission
line type 1 AGN. We show that the keV absorption feature observed in
moderate resolution X-ray spectra of several Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxies can
be explained by photoionization models, taking into account for resonance
absorption, without requiring relativistic outflowing velocities of the gas, if
the physical properties of these absorbers are close to those found in flat
X-ray spectrum Seyfert 1 galaxies.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication on Ap
QCD Corrections and the Endpoint of the Lepton Spectrum in Semileptonic B Decays
Recently, Neubert has suggested that a certain class of nonperturbative
corrections dominates the shape of the electron spectrum in the endpoint region
of semileptonic decay. Perturbative QCD corrections are important in the
endpoint region. We study the effects of these corrections on Neubert's
proposal. The connection between the endpoint of the electron spectrum in
semileptonic decay and the photon spectrum in is
outlined.Comment: 18 pages, uses REVTeX, UCSD/PTH 93-38, CALT-68-1910, JHU-TIPAC-930029
(some changes to the discussion of subleading radiative corrections, and
minor typos fixed
The Decay in the Context of Chiral Perturbation Theory
We study the decay , using
chiral perturbation theory for heavy charmed mesons
and vector mesons, in the kinematic regime where (here or ) is much smaller than the chiral symmetry breaking
scale, ( 1 GeV). We present the
leading diagrams and amplitude, and calculate the rate, in the region where, to
leading order in our calculations, the is at zero recoil in the
rest frame. The rate thus calculated is given in terms of a known form
factor and depends on the coupling constant of the heavy
(charmed) meson chiral perturbation theory Lagrangian. A measurement of the
above decay, in the aforementioned kinematic regime, can result in the
extraction of an experimental value for , accurate at the level of our
approximations, and give us a measure of the validity of approaches based on
chiral perturbation theory in studying similar processes.Comment: 17 pages, Latex, 2 embedded postscript figure
Measurement of the analyzing power in pp elastic scattering in the peak CNI region at RHIC
We report the first measurements of the A_N absolute value and shape in the
-t range from 0.0015 to 0.010GeV/c^2 with a precision better than 0.005 for
each A_N data point using a polarized atomic hydrogen gas jet target and the
100 GeV RHIC proton beam.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
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