Mikrobiologinen pintahygienia

see the attached pdf-fileNon peer reviewe

Hygieenisen suunnittelun peruskriteerit

49th R3Nordic Symposium - Cleanroom Technology, Contamination Control and Cleaning Proceedings, Gun Wirtanen & Raimo Pärssinen (eds.) ISBN 978-952-216-674-6 (pdf) Reports from Turku University of Applied Sciences 245see the pdf-fileNon peer reviewe

Solar cells inside woven textiles

Energy harvesting textiles are a relatively new field of research. In the future our clothes, accessories, and other fabrics could generate electricity from the sun and charge our devices on the go. While photovoltaic yarns, and solar cells printed directly on textiles are technologies of the future, there are already suitable solutions on the market for small scale energy harvesting. Some existing products such as energy harvesting backpacks and jackets already make use of these alternatives but mostly the level of integration of solar cells to the textile is low. The technology remains as a separate part instead of merging into the design and construction of textile. The goal of this practice-based research is to create woven textiles that allow integrating photovoltaics to the functional and aesthetic design of the fabric. The background research aims to introduce the relevant terms and concepts about solar cells for textile design purposes, and paint an overall picture of the future of the photovoltaic textiles field. During the practice-based research part, this knowledge is used for woven material prototyping and testing. The thesis work establishes a design strategy which combines creative material experimentation with backing from applied scientific exploration. Traditional textile design practice is used to develop handwoven material drafts which allow inserting solar cells into the structure of multilayered cloth. To find out how the properties of textiles affect the efficiency of the solar cell, the textile prototypes were tested during several rounds. Solar Cells Inside Woven Textiles is a continuation of an interdisciplinary research project with the New Energy Technologies group from Aalto Engineering Physics Department. The thesis builds on the knowledge generated during the previous process. Because of the collaborative nature of the project, the role of a textile designer in an interdisciplinary research project is addressed. The reflections are based on personal experiences during the process and conversations with design and technology professionals about the subject. This thesis work is positioned on the ground in-between design and science. The final outcome is a collection of woven textile prototypes showcasing the learning and possibilities of designing for photovoltaics integration. Visualization of the collected data allows comparison of different materials, colors and weave structures and provides feedback of the design choices. Using textile design as a tool for scientific exploration may offer tangible proposals for future concepts and research questions. This work serves as one example of working as a designer in a hybrid environment

Patients' experience of coercive measures in psychiatric inpatient care : a literature study

Background: Psychiatric inpatient care and coercion measures are stigmatized areas which represent a special part of the healthcare, since it’s in conflict with the principle of the right to voluntary care and treatment. This creates complicated ethical dilemmas and challenges the integrity of the individual. Purpose: To investigate the patients' experience of coercion measures in psychiatric inpatient care. Method: The design of the study is a literature study. The literature were examined and analyzed and resulted in an overview of the research question. Results: To be exposed to a coercion measure can have both positive and negative impact on health. The most important factors for the experience of the coercion measure are information, treatment, communication, participation and the relation to the staff. Discussion: The patients do not in general seem to disapprove to the usage of the coercion measures and can understand that it´s for their own best in certain situations, although the clinical practice can be improved. The patients want a better communication, participation and relation to the staff.Bakgrund: Tvångsvård och tvångsåtgärder är ett stigmatiserat område som utgör en speciell del av hälso- och sjukvården eftersom det går emot principen om rätt till frivillig vård och behandling. Denna typ av vård skapar komplicerade etiska dilemman och kan ses som kränkande av individens integritet. Syfte: Att undersöka patienters upplevelse av tvångsåtgärder inom psykiatrisk slutenvård. Metod: Studiens design är en allmän litteraturstudie. Den utvalda litteraturen kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades vilket resulterade i en översikt av forskningsfrågan. Resultat: Att bli utsatt för en tvångsåtgärd kan ha både positiva och negativa effekter på måendet. De viktigaste faktorerna för hur tvångsåtgärden upplevs är information, bemötande, kommunikation, delaktighet och relation till personalen. Diskussion: Patienterna verkar i grunden inte vara emot att tvångsåtgärder förekommer och kan förstå att det i vissa situationer är för deras eget bästa. Tillämpandet i praktiken kan dock förbättras för att ge bästa effekt och önskat utfall. Patienterna efterfrågar mer kommunikation, en högre grad av delaktighet och en bättre relation med personalen

Käytännön toimenpiteet maitotilojen tulosten parantamiseksi

see the attached pdf-filePeer reviewe

Music Culture in the Omaha Tribe of North America and the Saami of Northern Scandinavia: An Analysis of the Similarities and Possible Cultural Connections between Vuolle and Be-thae wa-an

This paper originally included a CD with 4 audio tracks on it. The CD was labeled "1. Vuolle 1 / 2. Vuolle 2 performed by Anders Gustav Fjällman / 3. Be-thae Wa-an 1 / 4. Be-thae Wa-an 2 performed by George Miller." Due to copyright restrictions the audio tracks could not be uploaded.Within both the Saami of northern Scandinavian and the Native American tribe known as the Omaha, there exists a rich and complex musical culture. This essay analyzes the intricacies and aural similarities of the aforementioned cultures and strives to determine the causation of their distinct musical parallels­ specifically between the be-thae wa-an of the Omaha and the vuolle of the southern Saami

Tetramethylammonium Fluoride : Fundamental Properties and Applications in C-F Bond-Forming Reactions and as a Base

Nucleophilic ionic sources of fluoride are essential reagents in the synthetic toolbox to access high added-value fluorinated building blocks unattainable by other means. In this review, we provide a concise description and rationale of the outstanding features of one of these reagents, tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF), as well as disclosing the different methods for its preparation, and how its physicochemical properties and solvation effects in different solvents are intimately associated with its reactivity. Furthermore, herein we also comprehensively describe its historic and recent utilization, up to December 2021, in C-F bond-forming reactions with special emphasis on nucleophilic aromatic substitution fluorinations with a potential sustainable application in industrial settings, as well as its use as a base capable of rendering unprecedented transformations. Keywords: tetramethylammonium fluoride; TMAF; solvation effects; nucleophilic fluorination; sustainable industrial fluorination; SNAr; [18F]-radiolabelling; superbases; selective methylation; fluorinated excited speciesPeer reviewe

Influence of moisture and substrate on the emission of volatile organic compounds from wall structures

Volatile organic compounds, VOCs, are released from a multitude of different polymer-based building materials. They can cause adverse health effects such as irritation of eyes, nose and throat, headache, fatigue, dizziness, sinus congestion, allergic reactions, and respiratory infections. This study concentrates on the influence of moisture and substrate on the emissions of VOCs from common wall structures. The structures are made up of primers and paints or adhesives applied onto either gypsum board or a combination of filler and plaster (or a single layer of plaster) which is applied onto calcium silicate bricks. An inert substrate, glass, is used as a reference substrate for single layers of paints, adhesives or plasters, and combinations of primer and paint and filler and plaster. The experimental section of this study is preceded by a literature review where the different factors affecting the emission process is dealt with. The literature review also includes the elaboration of a mathematical model describing the emission process. Small environmental chambers were developed for the experiments. The relative humidity of the air introduced into the chambers, the air exchange rate, and the air flow velocity over the sample surfaces could be easily controlled. Samples were exposed to different moisture conditions by adjusting the relative humidity of the air introduced into the chambers and by the use of different substrates. The emitted compounds were collected both from the chamber air and from the surface of the samples by using a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell into stainless steel tubes containing Tenax TA adsorbent. Other tests performed in this study included infrared spectroscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, microscopy, and the determination of pH. These tests were mainly performed to derive additional information on the chemical and physical characteristics of the materials studied. The experimental results demonstrated that the emission of VOCs from a surface layer is affected especially by the substrate, primer included, and by the drying process of both the substrate and the surface layer. The use of gypsum board as a substrate for either combinations of primer and paint or adhesives resulted in the lowest emission rates, while the use of a combination of filler and plaster or a single layer of plaster applied onto calcium silicate brick as a substrate resulted either in higher or lower emission rates compared with the glass (reference substrate) depending on the emission characteristics of the combination of filler and plaster. The experimental results indicated also that a high relative humidity prolongs the drying process, thus affecting the emissions because of interactions of water molecules with other emitting compounds. The consequence of this is that different compounds are emitted at different points of time. There was a statistically significant difference after the samples had reached moisture equilibrium only in the emission rate of aldehydes at RH 20 % and RH 80 % target relative humidities for samples collected from the test chambers. The emission rate was higher for the higher humidity environment. This result applied only when different combinations of primer and paint were spread onto glass plates. The experimental results additionally confirmed that TVOC, the total amount of VOCs being released, is not a good estimate of the behaviour of the emission of single compounds, since their behaviour, as regards relative humidity, can not always be determined based on TVOC-values. Nevertheless, it has been proven that it is possible to reach low emission rates, i.e. TVOC-values < 30 µg/m2·h, in less than two weeks with an appropriate choice of materials and by ensuring good drying conditions.reviewe

Laulut ja laulaminen steinerkoulun opettajien käyttämänä opetus- ja kasvatusmenetelmänä

Tämän tutkimuksen tutkimuskohde oli laulut ja laulaminen steinerkoulun opettajien käyttämänä opetus- ja kasvatusmenetelmänä. Laulaminen on niin henkistä, emotionaalista, sosiaalista kuin kulttuurista toimintaa. Laulaminen liittyy ihmisen identiteettiin, henkiseen hyvinvointiin ja moniin muihin yksilön itsensä antamiin merkityksiin. Laulut ja laulaminen herättävät tunteita ja auttavat niiden prosessoimisessa. Tämän lisäksi lauluilla voi olla merkittävä rooli koulutyössä, jos opettaja päättää paneutua niiden käyttöön. Lauluilla voidaan tukea kouluarkea sekä erilaisia oppimisen- ja kasvamisen prosesseja niin yksilössä kuin yhteisössä. Tämän lisäksi laulaminen kehittää ja vahvistaa oppilaiden musikaalisuutta. Aineistonkeruu toteutettiin 2022 keväällä neljän opettajan yksilöhaastatteluna