Keragaman Genetik Rusa Sambar (Rusa Unicolor), Pemanfaatan Dan Implikasinya Untuk Konservasi

Genetic Diversity of Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) in Utilization and Implications for Conservation. The deer sambar (Rusa unicolor) is one of species of Genus Rusa, was widely distributed in South Asia antil South East Asia. This species in Indonesia was widely distributed in Kalimantan and Sumatra island, but now, the hunting, poaching and habitat loss have reduced its populations drasstically. In order to provide useful information for its conservations. The genetic diversity and population structure of the wild sambar deer was observed by analyzing the 962 bp long of fragment mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (D-loop)fragment. The result detected, twenty different haplotypes from 22 samples from Borneo and Sumatra. Overall, sambar deer have a relatively high genetic diversity compared to other the ceervid species, with a haplotype diversity (h) 0.9870 and nucleotide diversity (ð) 2.931±0.260%.The genetic distance of Borneo populations (East Borneo) higher compared with Sumatra's populations that is d = 0.018±0.003 on Borneo and d = 0.009±0.002 on Sumatra. The structure of phylogenetic tree showed that two populations were separate based on the haplotypes differences

Penanda Genetik Tarsius (Tarsius Spp.) Dengan Menggunakan Gen Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) DNA Mitokondria (MtDNA) Melalui Metode Sekuensing

Tarsier (Tarsius spp.) are the smallest primates in the world. Currently there are 10 species, of which 9 species are distributed in Indonesia and 8 species of them are endemic to Sulawesi. Morphologically the Sulawesi spesies are almost similar. This research is aimed to identify the use of Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene as a genetic marker on Tarsius spp. for conservation purposes. Sixteen individuals consisted of 10 Tarsius bancanus, 4 Tarsius sp., 1 Tarsius wallacei , and 1 Tarsius sangirensis were collected from various places and analysed using COI gene. The results showed there were 238 different sites of nucleotides and 159 sites of amino acids from the total amount of 838 bp. The genetic distance by Kimura-2 parameter showed the highest value was 26% while the lowest was 0%. The average genetic distance was 11,5%. Phylogenetic tree constructed by Neighbour-Joining method based on nucleotides sequence showed that the COI gene could be used as a genetic marker to differentiate among Tarsius spp. but could not be used as a clear marker for tarsiers in Sulawesi. Based on the analysis, there is a high value of genetic variation among Tarsius spp. with much lower genetic variation in Western Tarsier population compared to Eastern Tarsier

Reproductive Organ of Male Sulawesi Giant Rat (Paruromys Dominator)

Indonesia has a biodiversity in fauna and one of them is the rat. The methodology to identify animal character is mostly based on morphological structure, the example of body lenght and hair color. However, reproductive organs of every species are diferent in location, shape, color and weight. Paruromys dominator is one of rats species in Sulawesi. Although, many informations about the rat\u27s morphology is already provided , but no data about reproductive organ reported yet. Knowing, identifying and understanding the reproductive organs in that species must be done by sampling reproductive organs and measure all of them,. All of the reproductive organs were then collected for anatomical sample and processed for histological staining and were analyzed with light microscope and SEM. Based on the present study, Paruromys dominator has reproductive organs which are like other murids, namely seminal vesicle, testis, prostat glands, Cowper\u27s glans and glans penis. There is no diference about histological stucture of rat\u27s testis with other rats species, but based on the result of SEM, the penis has many penile spines. The sperm head is hook shape, it is like Rattus norvegicus. The average of head length and tail lenght of sperm are 1,28±0,101 μm and 12,95±1,139 μm, respectively

Keragaman Genetik pada Kukang (Nycticebus Coucang) Berdasarkan pada Gen 12S RRNA Mitokondria

Genetic Diversity of Slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) based on Mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. The research on genetic diversity of slow loris Nycticebus coucang (kukang) was carried out. The samples are 12 individuals from three locations (Sumedang and Jember in Java, and Lampung in Sumatera). Total DNA was extracted from blood and tissue. The mitochondrial 12S rRNA nucleotide sequences were determined to investigate genetic diversity of this species. This region was amplified by using L1091 and H 1478 primers by PCR. As a result of the analysis for 386 bp nucleotide sequence, five haplotypes were found, two from Java and three from Sumatra, respectively

Habitat dan Keragaman Tumbuhan Pakan bagi Tapir (Tapirus indicus), Kijang (Muntiacus muncak) dan Kukang (Nycticebus coucang) di Kawasan Gunung Tujuh, Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat, Jambi

Research on the habitat and the diversity of feed plants of tapir (Tapirus indicus), barking deer (Muntiacus muncak) and slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) have been conducted at Gunung Tujuh, Kerinci Seblat National Park, Jambi. Survey was carried out by visiting places where tapir, barking deer, and slow loris are usually seen and taking collecting herbarium plant specimen of those animals’feed. The habitat of tapir is in region of Gunung Tujuh forest until the altitude of 2020 m asl. The habitat of barking deer in Gunung Tujuh forest and prefers dense bushes at the edges of forest until the altitude of 1620 m asl. and the habitat of slow loris in low region of forest. This research found 38 species grouped in 25 families of forest plants as feed resources for tapir, barking deer and slow loris

Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Pakan Bagi Tapir (Tapirus indicus), Kijang (Muntiacus muncak), Kukang (Nycticebus coucang) dan Kondisi Habitat di Kawasan Gunung Tujuh, Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat, Jambi

A study on the diversity of feed plants of tapir (Tapirus indicus), barking deer (Muntiacus muncak), and slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) as well as their habitat condition has been conducted at Gunung Tujuh, Kerinci Seblat National Park, Jambi. Survey was carried out by visiting places where the animals are usually found and by taking collection of herbarium plant specimens of those animals’ feed.  The habitat of tapir is in a region of Gunung Tujuh forest up to the altitude of 2,020 m above sea level, while that of barking deer is in Gunung Tujuh forest  where dense bushes at the edges of forest until the altitude of 1620 m above sea level is favored and that of slow loris is in low region of forest. Thirty eight species belonging to 25 families of forest plants as feed resources for tapir, barking deer, and slow loris were found. Amaranthaceae, Anonaceae, Clusiaceae, Moraceae, and Myrsinaceae were recorded as feed plants for tapir, while Euphorbiacea, Fagacea, Lauracea, and Urticacea were for slow loris and Solanaceae was for barking deer