Equivalence of the long-wavelength approximation and the truncated Taylor expansion in relativistic Coulomb excitation

The long-wavelength approximation and the truncated Taylor expansion are frequently used in the theory of relativistic Coulomb excitation to obtain multipole expansions of the interaction. It is shown in this note that these two approximations are exactly equivalent.Comment: 5 page

Medical Data Architecture Platform and Recommended Requirements for a Medical Data System for Exploration Missions

The Medical Data Architecture (MDA) project supports the Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) risk to minimize or reduce the risk of adverse health outcomes and decrements in performance due to in-flight medical capabilities on human exploration missions. To mitigate this risk, the ExMC MDA project addresses the technical limitations identified in ExMC Gap Med 07: We do not have the capability to comprehensively process medically- relevant information to support medical operations during exploration missions. This gap identifies that the current in-flight medical data management includes a combination of data collection and distribution methods that are minimally integrated with on-board medical devices and systems. Furthermore, there are a variety of data sources and methods of data collection. For an exploration mission, the seamless management of such data will enable a more medically autonomous crew than the current paradigm of medical data management on the International Space Station. ExMC has recognized that in order to make informed decisions about a medical data architecture framework, current methods for medical data management must not only be understood, but an architecture must also be identified that provides the crew with actionable insight to medical conditions. This medical data architecture will provide the necessary functionality to address the challenges of executing a self-contained medical system that approaches crew health care delivery without assistance from ground support. Hence, the products derived from the third MDA prototype development will directly inform exploration medical system requirements for Level of Care IV in Gateway missions. In fiscal year 2019, the MDA project developed Test Bed 3, the third iteration in a series of prototypes, that featured integrations with cognition tool data, ultrasound image analytics and core Flight Software (cFS). Maintaining a layered architecture design, the framework implemented a plug-in, modular approach in the integration of these external data sources. An early version of MDA Test Bed 3 software was deployed and operated in a simulated analog environment that was part of the Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships (NextSTEP) Gateway tests of multiple habitat prototypes. In addition, the MDA team participated in the Gateway Test and Verification Demonstration, where the MDA cFS applications was integrated with Gateway-in-a-Box software to send and receive medically relevant data over a simulated vehicle network. This software demonstration was given to ExMC and Gateway Program stakeholders at the NASA Johnson Space Center Integrated Power, Avionics and Software (iPAS) facility. Also, the integrated prototypes served as a vehicle to provide Level 5 requirements for the Crew Health and Performance Habitat Data System for Gateway Missions (Medical Level of Care IV). In the upcoming fiscal year, the MDA project will continue to provide systems engineering and vertical prototypes to refine requirements for medical Level of Care IV and inform requirements for Level of Care V

Scenarios for use of biogas for heavy-duty vehicles in Denmark and related GHG emission impacts

Biogas may be a promising alternative fuel, mainly for heavy-duty vehicles, that can reduce CO2 emissions via substitution of fossil fuels and further reduce methane emissions from agricultural manure handling. However, as methane is a potent climate gas loss of methane from production to use of biogas is of concern. This study has analysed the potential biomass and biogas production from all Danish organic waste sources under different scenario assumptions for future scenario years. The analysis includes energy demand of the road transportation sector by means of transport and fuel types, and potential use of the limited biogas resource taking into account alternative fuel options available for transportation (electricity, hydrogen, biofuels). Further, the total differences in fuel consumption and GHG emissions due to the replacement of diesel-powered heavy-duty vehicles by gas-powered heavy-duty vehicles are estimated in a well-to-wheel perspective taking into account methane losses

Enabling matter power spectrum emulation in beyond-ΛCDM cosmologies with COLA

We compare and validate COLA (COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration) simulationsagainst existing emulators in the literature, namely Bacco and Euclid Emulator2. Our analysis focuses on the non-linear response function, i.e., the ratiobetween the non-linear dark matter power spectrum in a given cosmology withrespect to a pre-defined reference cosmology, which is chosen to be the EuclidEmulator 2 reference cosmology in this paper. We vary three cosmologicalparameters, the total matter density, the amplitude of the primordial scalarperturbations and the spectral index. By comparing the COLA non-linear responsefunction with those computed from each emulator in the redshift range $0 \leq z\leq 3$, we find that the COLA method is in excellent agreement with the twoemulators for scales up to $k \sim 1 \ h$/Mpc as long as the deviations of thematter power spectrum from the reference cosmology are not too large. Wevalidate the implementation of massive neutrinos in our COLA simulations byvarying the sum of neutrino masses to three different values, $0.0$ eV, $0.058$eV and $0.15$ eV. We show that all three non-linear prescriptions used in thiswork agree at the $1\%$ level at $k \leq 1 \ h$/Mpc. We then introduce theEffective Field Theory of Dark Energy in our COLA simulations using the$N$-body gauge method. We consider two different modified gravity models inwhich the growth of structure is enhanced or suppressed at small scales, andshow that the response function with respect to the change of modified gravityparameters depends weakly on cosmological parameters in these models.<br