ADN: An Information-Centric Networking Architecture for the Internet of Things

Forwarding data by name has been assumed to be a necessary aspect of an information-centric redesign of the current Internet architecture that makes content access, dissemination, and storage more efficient. The Named Data Networking (NDN) and Content-Centric Networking (CCNx) architectures are the leading examples of such an approach. However, forwarding data by name incurs storage and communication complexities that are orders of magnitude larger than solutions based on forwarding data using addresses. Furthermore, the specific algorithms used in NDN and CCNx have been shown to have a number of limitations. The Addressable Data Networking (ADN) architecture is introduced as an alternative to NDN and CCNx. ADN is particularly attractive for large-scale deployments of the Internet of Things (IoT), because it requires far less storage and processing in relaying nodes than NDN. ADN allows things and data to be denoted by names, just like NDN and CCNx do. However, instead of replacing the waist of the Internet with named-data forwarding, ADN uses an address-based forwarding plane and introduces an information plane that seamlessly maps names to addresses without the involvement of end-user applications. Simulation results illustrate the order of magnitude savings in complexity that can be attained with ADN compared to NDN.Comment: 10 page

Kinetics and mechanism of the interconversion of inverse bicontinuous cubic mesophases

This paper describes time-resolved x-ray diffraction data monitoring the transformation of one inverse bicontinuous cubic mesophase into another, in a hydrated lipid system. The first section of the paper describes a mechanism for the transformation that conserves the topology of the bilayer, based on the work of Charvolin and Sadoc, Fogden and Hyde, and Benedicto and O'Brien in this area. We show a pictorial representation of this mechanism, in terms of both the water channels and the lipid bilayer. The second section describes the experimental results obtained. The system under investigation was 2:1 lauric acid: dilauroylphosphatidylcholine at a hydration of 50% water by weight. A pressure-jump was used to induce a phase transition from the gyroid (Q(II)(G)) to the diamond (Q(II)(D)) bicontinuous cubic mesophase, which was monitored by time-resolved x-ray diffraction. The lattice parameter of both mesophases was found to decrease slightly throughout the transformation, but at the stage where the Q(II)(D) phase first appeared, the ratio of lattice parameters of the two phases was found to be approximately constant for all pressure-jump experiments. The value is consistent with a topology-preserving mechanism. However, the polydomain nature of our sample prevents us from confirming that the specific pathway is that described in the first section of the paper. Our data also reveal signals from two different intermediate structures, one of which we have identified as the inverse hexagonal (H-II) mesophase. We suggest that it plays a role in the transfer of water during the transformation. The rate of the phase transition was found to increase with both temperature and pressure-jump amplitude, and its time scale varied from the order of seconds to minutes, depending on the conditions employed

The private capacity of quantum channels is not additive

Recently there has been considerable activity on the subject of additivity of various quantum channel capacities. Here, we construct a family of channels with sharply bounded classical, hence private capacity. On the other hand, their quantum capacity when combined with a zero private (and zero quantum) capacity erasure channel, becomes larger than the previous classical capacity. As a consequence, we can conclude for the first time that the classical private capacity is non-additive. In fact, in our construction even the quantum capacity of the tensor product of two channels can be greater than the sum of their individual classical private capacities. We show that this violation occurs quite generically: every channel can be embedded into our construction, and a violation occurs whenever the given channel has larger entanglement assisted quantum capacity than (unassisted) classical capacity.Comment: 4+4 pages, 2 eps figures. V2 has title and abstract changed; its new structure reflects the final version of a main paper plus appendices containing mathematical detail

MiCADO – Towards a Microservice-based Cloud Application-level Dynamic Orchestrator

In order to satisfy end-user requirements, many scientific and commercial applications require access to dynamically adjustable infrastructure resources. Cloud computing has the potential to provide these dynamic capabilities. However, utilising these capabilities from application code is not trivial and requires application developers to understand low-level technical details of clouds. This paper investigates how a generic framework can be developed that supports the dynamic orchestration of cloud applications both at deployment and at run-time. The advantages and challenges of designing such framework based on microservices is analysed, and a generic framework, called MiCADO – (Microservices-based Cloud Application-level Dynamic Orchestrator) is proposed. A first prototype implementation of MiCADO to support data intensive commercial web applications is also presented

Composite Accretion Disk and White Dwarf Photosphere Analyses of the FUSE and HST Observations of EY Cygni

We explore the origin of FUSE and HST STIS far UV spectra of the dwarf nova, EY Cyg, during its quiescence using \emph{combined} high gravity photosphere and accretion disk models as well as model accretion belts. The best-fitting single temperature white dwarf model to the FUSE plus HST STIS spectrum of EY Cygni has T$_{eff} = 24,000$K, log $g = 9.0$, with an Si abundance of 0.1 x solar and C abundance of 0.2 x solar but the distance is only 301 pc. The best-fitting composite model consists of white dwarf with T$_{eff} = 22,000$K, log $g = 9$, plus an accretion belt with T$_{belt} = 36,000$K covering 27% of the white dwarf surface with V$_{belt} sin i = 2000$ km/s. The accretion belt contributes 63% of the FUV light and the cooler white dwarf latitudes contribute 37%. This fit yields a distance of 351 pc which is within 100 pc of our adopted distance of 450 pc. EY Cyg has very weak C {\sc iv} emission and very strong N {\sc v} emission, which is atypical of the majority of dwarf novae in quiescence. We also conducted a morphological study of the surroundings of EY Cyg using direct imaging in narrow nebular filters from ground-based telescopes. We report the possible detection of nebular material^M associated with EY Cygni. Possible origins of the apparently large N {\scv}/C {\sc iv} emission ratio are discussed in the context of nova explosions, contamination of the secondary star and accretion of nova abundance-enriched matter back to the white dwarf via the accretion disk or as a descendant of a precursor binary that survived thermal timescale mass transfer. The scenario involving pollution of the secondary by past novae may be supported by the possible presence of a nova remnant-like nebula around EY Cyg.Comment: To appear in AJ, Oct. 2004. 5 figures, including 2 color ones (2D pictures

Mol-CycleGAN - a generative model for molecular optimization

Designing a molecule with desired properties is one of the biggest challenges in drug development, as it requires optimization of chemical compound structures with respect to many complex properties. To augment the compound design process we introduce Mol-CycleGAN - a CycleGAN-based model that generates optimized compounds with high structural similarity to the original ones. Namely, given a molecule our model generates a structurally similar one with an optimized value of the considered property. We evaluate the performance of the model on selected optimization objectives related to structural properties (presence of halogen groups, number of aromatic rings) and to a physicochemical property (penalized logP). In the task of optimization of penalized logP of drug-like molecules our model significantly outperforms previous results

Ion-induced low-energy electron diffraction

H(+) and He(+) ions with an energy of 25 keV are scattered under a grazing angle of incidence from a clean and flat Cu(001) surface. For specific azimuthal orientations of the crystal surface with respect to low index directions in the surface plane we observe the ion induced emission of electrons with a conventional LEED (low energy electron diffraction) setup. By operating the instrument in an energy dispersive mode we find intensity distributions of emitted electrons which can unequivocally be ascribed to diffraction effects at the target surface

Prospects of accelerator and reactor neutrino oscillation experiments for the coming ten years

We analyze the physics potential of long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments planned for the coming ten years, where the main focus is the sensitivity limit to the small mixing angle $\theta_{13}$. The discussed experiments include the conventional beam experiments MINOS, ICARUS, and OPERA, which are under construction, the planned superbeam experiments J-PARC to Super-Kamiokande and NuMI off-axis, as well as new reactor experiments with near and far detectors, represented by the Double-Chooz project. We perform a complete numerical simulation including systematics, correlations, and degeneracies on an equal footing for all experiments using the GLoBES software. After discussing the improvement of our knowledge on the atmospheric parameters $\theta_{23}$ and $\Delta m^2_{31}$ by these experiments, we investigate the potential to determine $\theta_{13}$ within the next ten years in detail. Furthermore, we show that under optimistic assumptions and for $\theta_{13}$ close to the current bound, even the next generation of experiments might provide some information on the Dirac CP phase and the type of the neutrino mass hierarchy.Comment: 38 pages, 13 figures, Eqs. (1) and (5) corrected, small corrections in Figs. 8, 9, and Tab. 4, discussion improved, ref. added, version to appear in PRD, high resolution figures are available at http://www.sns.ias.edu/~winter/figs0403068.htm