Coral-associated bryozoans

39 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-39)."Bryozoans are known to be an important component of cryptic reef communities worldwide, with many species apparently circumtropical in distribution. Taxonomic work on reef bryozoans still lags behind work on their ecology. This checklist, which includes an illustration or a reference to an illustration for each species, is an attempt to assist both taxonomists and ecologists in identifying reef-associated species. To date, 284 species of bryozoans have been reported from coral substrata and/or reef environments in the following areas: Caribbean, Red Sea, East Africa, Indonesia, Great Barrier Reef, Eniwetak, Hawaii, Eastern Pacific. The majority of them (69%) are ascophoran cheilostomes. Anascan cheilostomes are also abundant (25%), while tubuliporates and ctenostomes have been recorded much less frequently. Parasmittina, Celleporaria, and Rhynchozoon are the most successful cheilostome genera in terms of number of species recorded from reefs. Most genera and many species are recorded from at least two tropical areas"--P. [1]

Listado de los Bryozoa marinos del Caribe colombiano

The phylum Bryozoa is a significant aquatic invertebrate group owing to its diversity, abundance, wide distribution, and economic importance to humans. There are more than 5700 described Recent species within the phylum. Most of them are marine sessile species. They are present in all oceans, occupying a wide bathymetric range and colonize almost any type of substratum. The rich paleontological history of the phylum is reflected in abundant records from the Ordovician to the Recent and bryozoans are one of the dominant phyla in the Paleozoic fossil record (Camacho 1966, McKinney & Jackson 1991). Although bryozoans can be an important component of the benthic fauna, the average researcher is not very familiar with them, owing to their small size and the similarity of some species to corals, hydroids, seaweeds and sponges. In fact, the common names of bryozoans include “moss animals” and “lace corals” (Gordon & Mawatari 1992, Hayward & Ryland 1999).El Phylum Bryozoa es uno de los grupos de invertebrados acuáticos más importantes por su diversidad, abundancia, amplia distribución e importancia económica para el hombre. Actualmente existen alrededor de 5700 especies recientes descritas, la mayoría marinas y de vida sésil; se encuentran en todos los mares ocupando un amplio intervalo batimétrico y colonizando casi cualquier tipo de sustrato. Su rica historia paleontológica se refleja en abundantes registros que datan desde el Ordovícico hastael Reciente y lo convierten en uno de los phyla dominantes del registro fósil del Paleozoico (Camacho 1966, McKinney & Jackson 1991). A pesar de ser un componente importante de la fauna bentónica, resultan ser poco familiares para el investigador común debido al reducido tamaño de sus individuos y a su similitud externa que con otrosgrupos como corales, hidroides, algas y esponjas; de hecho, usualmente son conocidos como “animales musgo” y “corales encaje” (Gordon & Mawatari 1992, Hayward & Ryland 1999

Interstitial bryozoans

50 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-50)."A unique fauna of interstitial bryozoans has been found encrusting sand substrata on a high-energy shoal off the Atlantic coast of Florida. This fauna includes juveniles of two species of free-living cupuladriids, as well as nine new species (one new genus) apparently adapted to interstitial conditions and characterized by small size, simplified colony structure, and very early reporduction. Other species known from larger substrata were also found encrusting interstitial sand and shell grains at Capron Shoal. The 'interstitial refuge' may be importnat in explaining the broad species distributions of encrusting bryozoans along mostly sandy continental shelves"--P. [1]

Making sense of a diagnosis of incurable cancer: The importance of communication

Purpose:  Patients diagnosed with incurable cancer may experience existential distressand difficulty in re-appraising their lives because of uncertainty about the future. Objectives: This study sought to understand how patients living with incurable cancer made sense of their diagnosis, how they prepared for the future and what support they wanted from their health professionals.  Subjects:  27 patients were recruited from the oncology and palliative care service at three metropolitan hospitals. Methods:  A qualitative research approach was used. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted. Interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim.  Data was analyzed using the constant-comparative method.  Results:  Participants did not express a need to make sense of their diagnosis nor always ascribe to a particular religious belief; rather, many relied on a personal spirituality or philosophy to bring meaning to their experience. Importance was placed on their doctor keeping up with technology, being honest, and being confident and positive. Conclusion:  Participants in this study had incurable cancer but making sense of their current situation was not a conscious priority. For these patients, uncertainty was a positive, as certainty for them indicates death is approaching. What these interviews suggest, from the patient’s perspective, is that there is an implied contract between doctor and patient during this period which involves the doctor managing the flow of difficult information so that the patient can maintain normality for as long as possible. Understanding this helps to explain the difficulty of having advance care planning conversations within this setting, despite the many opportunities that a longer disease trajectory would seem to offer.

Ctenostomatous Bryozoa from São Paulo, Brazil, with descriptions of twelve new\ud species

This paper describes 21 ctenostomatous bryozoans from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, based on specimens observed in vivo. A new family, Jebramellidae n. fam., is erected for a newly described genus and species, Jebramella angusta n. gen. et sp. Eleven other species are described as new: Alcyonidium exiguum n. sp., Alcyonidium pulvinatum n. sp., Alcyonidium torquatum n. sp., Alcyonidium vitreum n. sp., Bowerbankia ernsti n. sp., Bowerbankia evelinae n. sp., Bowerbankia mobilis n. sp., Nolella elizae n. sp., Panolicella brasiliensis n. sp., Sundanella rosea n. sp., Victorella araceae n. sp. Taxonomic and ecological notes are also included for nine previously described species: Aeverrillia setigera (Hincks, 1887), Alcyonidium hauffi Marcus, 1939, Alcyonidium polypylum Marcus, 1941, Anguinella palmata van Beneden, 1845, Arachnoidella evelinae (Marcus, 1937), Bantariella firmata (Marcus, 1938) n. comb., Nolella sawayai Marcus, 1938, Nolella stipata Gosse, 1855 and Zoobotryon verticillatum (delle Chiaje, 1822).Natural History Museum, London (U.K.)São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) within the BIOTA/FAPESP─Virtual Institute of Biodiversity Program (www.biota.org.br) and BIOTA/FAPESP-Araça (grants # 1998/07090-3 and 2011/50317- 5 to A.C.Z. Amaral).CNPq (474605/2013-2)FAPESP (Proc.nº 2006/ 05141-8; 2008/10619-0; 2012/24285-1)CNPq (306568/2009-8)FAPESP (Proc.nº 2008/10624-3; 2012/10413-8)NP-BioMar, USPContribution No. 959 from the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierc

Evidence for Polyphyly of the Genus Scrupocellaria (Bryozoa: Candidae) Based on a phylogenetic Analysis of Morphological Characters

The bryozoan genus Scrupocellaria comprises about 80 species in the family Candidae. We propose a hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationships among species assigned to Scrupocellaria to serve as framework for a phylogenetic classification using 35 morphological characters. Our results suggest that the genus Scrupocellaria is polyphyletic. Scrupocellaria s. str. is redefined according to four morphological features: vibracular chamber with a curved setal groove, ooecium with a single ectooecial fenestra, two axillary vibracula, and a membranous operculum with a distinct distal rim. Thus, the genus includes\ud only 11 species: Scrupocellaria aegeensis, Scrupocellaria delilii, Scrupocellaria harmeri, Scrupocellaria incurvata, Scrupocellaria inermis, Scrupocellaria intermedia, Scrupocellaria jullieni, Scrupocellaria minuta, Scrupocellaria puelcha, Scrupocellaria scrupea,\ud and Scrupocellaria scruposa. The monophyly of Cradoscrupocellaria is supported and five new genera are erected: Aquiloniella n. gen., Aspiscellaria n. gen., Paralicornia n. gen., Pomocellaria n. gen. and Scrupocaberea n. gen. Two other new genera, Bathycellaria n. gen. and Sinocellaria n. gen., are erected to accommodate two poorly known species, Scrupocellaria profundis Osburn and Scrupocellaria uniseriata Liu, respectively. Scrupocellaria congesta is tentatively assigned to Tricellaria. Fifteen species are reassigned to Licornia: Licornia cookie n. comb., Licornia micheli n. comb., Licornia milneri n. comb.,\ud Licornia curvata n. comb., Licornia diegensis n. comb., Licornia drachi n. comb., Licornia mexicana n. comb., Licornia pugnax n. comb., Licornia raigadensis n. comb., Licornia regularis n. comb., Licornia resseri n. comb., Licornia securifera n. comb., Licornia\ud spinigera n. comb., Licornia tridentata n. comb., and Licornia wasinensis n. comb. Notoplites americanus n. name is proposed as a replacement name for Scrupocellaria clausa Canu & Bassler. Three fossil species are reassigned to Canda: Canda rathbuni\ud n. comb., Canda triangulata n. comb. and Canda williardi n. comb. A species is reassigned to Notoplites, Notoplites elegantissima n. comb. The generic assignment of eleven species of Scrupocellaria, including Scrupocellaria macandrei, remains uncertain.NP-BioMar, US

Measuring Biodiversity and Extinction – Present and Past

How biodiversity is changing in our time represents a major concern for all organismal biologists. Anthropogenic changes to our planet are decreasing species diversity through the negative effects of pollution, habitat destruction, direct extirpation of species, and climate change. But major biotic changes – including those that have both increased and decreased species diversity – have happened before in Earth’s history. Biodiversity dynamics in past eras provide important context to understand ecological responses to current environmental change. The work of assessing biodiversity is woven into ecology, environmental science, conservation, paleontology, phylogenetics, evolutionary and developmental biology, and many other disciplines; yet, the absolute foundation of how we measure species diversity depends on taxonomy and systematics. The aspiration of this symposium, and complementary contributed talks, was to promote better understanding of our common goals and encourage future interdisciplinary discussion of biodiversity dynamics. The contributions in this collection of papers bring together a diverse group of speakers to confront several important themes. How can biologists best respond to the urgent need to identify and conserve diversity? How can we better communicate the nature of species across scientific disciplines? Where are the major gaps in knowledge about the diversity of living animal and plant groups, and what are the implications for understanding potential diversity loss? How can we effectively use the fossil record of past diversity and extinction to understand current biodiversity loss

Libbie Hyman

66 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Study of invertebrates at the American Museum of Natural History / Neil H. Landman and Judith E. Winston -- Libbie Hyman and the American Museum of Natural History / Judith E. Winston -- Libbie Hyman at the University of Chicago / Jane Maienschein -- Libbie Hyman and comparative vertebrate anatomy / Marvalee H. Wake -- Contributions of Libbie H. Hyman to knowledge of land planarians: relating personal experiences (Tricladida: Terricola) / Robert E. Ogren -- Libbie Henrietta Hyman: her influence on teaching and research in invertebrate zoology / M. Patricia Morse -- Systematics of the flatworms- Libbie Hyman's influence on current views of the Platyhelminthes / Seth Tyler.Includes bibliographical references."This issue of Novitates consists of papers presented at a symposium on the life and work of American zoologist Dr. Libbie Henrietta Hyman, 1888-1969, held at the annual meeting of the American Society of Zoologists in Atlanta, Georgia, December 1991. Judith E. Winston provides an introduction to Libbie Hyman's early years. Growing up in Fort Dodge, Iowa, young Libbie demonstrated a love of nature and a drive for learning that eventually led to a scholarship at the University of Chicago, where she majored in zoology. Jane Maienschein covers Libbie Hyman's Chicago period. During that period Libbie gained experience in experimental biology by participation in Charles Manning Child's research program on metabolic gradients, which applied the "Chicago style" of biology. The lack of good manuals for the comparative anatomy and zoology labs she taught as a graduate student led Libbie to develop her own laboratory manuals, published by the University of Chicago Press. Marvalee Wake discusses Libbie Hyman's interactions with the press about these guides. Hyman's correspondence with press officials revealed her growing frustration as she desired more time to work on invertebrates, but was persuaded to revise vertebrate anatomy texts instead. Despite her protests, her seminal ideas and approaches to learning vetebrate anatomy were profoundly important. Judith Winston discusses Libbie's productive career at the American Museum of Natural History. In 1930, Dr. Hyman left Chicago to pursue the invertebrate work that interested her most-and found a welcome in G. K. Noble's Department of Experimental Biology at the AMNH. With his help she obtained an unpaid position as a research associate, office space, and use of the AMNH library, vital to her project, a treatise on invertebrate zoology. Her 6 volume treatise, The Invertebrates, was published between 1940 and 1967 by McGraw-Hill. In 1943 she transferred to the AMNH Department of Invertebrates. Neil Landman outlines the history of that Department in the Museum, and Libbie's connection with it. M. Patricia Morse discusses Dr. Hyman's influence on invertebrate zoology in general. Her treatise set the tone for invertebrate zoology courses and the publication of books on the subject. Each volume was eagerly received by zoologists, not only for thorough coverage of the literature (including non-English language literature), but also for uniformity of approach, comprehensive illustrations, and thoughtful synthesis of phylogenetic relationships for each group covered. Robert Ogren discusses Libbie Hyman's contributions to land planarian taxonomy. Hyman was the first American zoologist recognized as an authority on Turbellaria, Tricladida, and Terricola. Contributions began after her 1937 appointment as research associate at the American Museum of Natural History and continued for 25 years, resulting in 11 taxonomic papers, the last published in 1962. Seth Tyler discusses Libbie Hyman's overall influence on the systematics of turbellarian flatworms, especially through the comprehensive review of flatworms published in Volume II of The Invertebrates. The system of classification she adopted for the phylum Platyhelminthes was that of Bresslau, dating to 1933. Modern systematists have clarified the phylogenetic relationships of flatworm groups, in particular by using characters discerned with electron microscopy; and application of principles of cladistic systematics has been important in grouping turbellarians and the major groups of parasitic flatworms into supraordinal taxa. A number of competing systems for these higher-level groupings have been proposed, and these are being tested with molecular techniques comparing nucleic-acid sequences. Still, the current best-accepted system clearly bears Hyman's stamp; her views of evolution in the phylum and its taxonomy are still relevant"--P. 2

Ovarian Control of Nectar Collection in the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)

Honey bees are a model system for the study of division of labor. Worker bees demonstrate a foraging division of labor (DOL) by biasing collection towards carbohydrates (nectar) or protein (pollen). The Reproductive ground-plan hypothesis of Amdam et al. proposes that foraging DOL is regulated by the networks that controlled foraging behavior during the reproductive life cycle of honey bee ancestors. Here we test a proposed mechanism through which the ovary of the facultatively sterile worker impacts foraging bias. The proposed mechanism suggests that the ovary has a regulatory effect on sucrose sensitivity, and sucrose sensitivity impacts nectar loading. We tested this mechanism by measuring worker ovary size (ovariole number), sucrose sensitivity, and sucrose solution load size collected from a rate-controlled artificial feeder. We found a significant interaction between ovariole number and sucrose sensitivity on sucrose solution load size when using low concentration nectar. This supports our proposed mechanism. As nectar and pollen loading are not independent, a mechanism impacting nectar load size would also impact pollen load size