Evaluation of an Infant Formula with Large, Milk-Phospholipid Coated Lipid Droplets on Long-Term Growth and Development of Singaporean Infants:Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol

A concept infant formula (IF) was developed with physical properties of lipid droplets mimicking more closely those in human milk. This paper describes the unique design of a randomised controlled trial evaluating the impact of the concept IF on infant growth and body composition development whilst applying a cohort-like recruitment approach that fully supports breastfeeding practices of the study population. Subjects entered the study between birth and 1 months of age, and whenever parents decided to introduce formula were randomised to one of three study formulas; the concept IF comprising large lipid droplets coated by milk phospholipids and containing a specific mixture of prebiotics, a standard IF with the specific prebiotic mixture or a standard IF without the prebiotic mixture. The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of the concept IF on growth and body composition outcomes during the first year of life with a follow-up at 2, 3, 4 and 5 years of age. In addition, stool, saliva and buccal smear samples and parameters assessing safety, gastrointestinal tolerance and cognitive outcomes were collected. The applied cohort-like enrolment approach is distinctly different from standard clinical safety or efficacy studies and may provide valuable insights on trial design for the evaluation of IF while carefully considering breastfeeding practices

An Infant Formula with Large, Milk Phospholipid-Coated Lipid Droplets Supports Adequate Growth and Is Well-Tolerated in Healthy, Term Asian Infants:A Randomized, Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Lipids are essential for healthy infant growth and development. The structural complexity of lipids in human milk is not present in infant milk formula (IF). A concept IF was developed mimicking more closely the structure and composition of human milk fat globules. The current study evaluates whether a concept IF with large, milk phospholipid-coated lipid droplets (mode diameter 3 to 5 μm) is equivalent to standard IF with regard to growth adequacy and safety in healthy, term Asian infants. In this randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, infants were randomized after parents decided to introduce formula. Infants received a standard IF with (Control) or without the specific prebiotic mixture scGOS/lcFOS (9:1 ratio; Control w/o prebiotics), or a Concept IF with large, milk phospholipid-coated lipid droplets and the prebiotic mixture. A group of 67 breastfed infants served as a reference. As a priori defined, only those infants who were fully intervention formula-fed ≤28 days of age were included in the equivalence analysis (Control n = 29; Control w/o prebiotics n = 28; Concept n = 35, per-protocol population). Primary outcome was daily weight gain during the first four months of life, with the difference between the Concept and Control as the key comparison of interest. Additionally, adverse events, growth and tolerance parameters were evaluated. Equivalence of daily weight gain was demonstrated between the Concept and Control group after additional correction for ethnicity and birthweight (difference in estimated means of 0.1 g/d, 90%CI [−2.30, 2.47]; equivalence margin +/− 3 g/d). No clinically relevant group differences were observed in secondary growth outcomes, tolerance outcomes or number, severity or relatedness of adverse events. This study corroborates that an infant formula with large, milk phospholipid-coated lipid droplets supports adequate growth and is well tolerated and safe for use in healthy infants

Coulomb excitation of and a change in structure approaching N = Z = 40

Background: Nuclei approaching are known to exhibit strongly deformed structures and are thought to be candidates for shape coexistence. In the krypton isotopes, are poorly characterized, preventing an understanding of evolving deformation approaching . Purpose: The present work aims to determine electric quadrupole transition strengths and quadrupole moments of in order to better characterize their deformation. Conclusions: Comparison of measured and values indicates that neutron-deficient () isotopes of krypton are closer to axial deformation than other isotopic chains in the mass region. A continuation of this trend to higher may result in Sr and Zr isotopes exhibiting near-axial prolate deformation. Methods: Sub-barrier Coulomb excitation was employed, impinging the isotopes of krypton on and targets. Utilizing a semiclassical description of the safe Coulomb-excitation process matrix elements could then be determined. Results: Eleven new or improved matrix elements are determined in and seven in . The new value in disagrees with the evaluated value by , which can be explained in terms of deficiencies in a previous Coulomb-excitation analysis

The Effect of Leadership Style and Work Climate on Employee Performance in the Population and Family Planning Department of Manado City

The success of an organization is closely related to employee performance. It can even be said that employee performance is one indicator of its success. Employee performance determines the organization's success if it can carry out its duties and functions appropriately and adequately in realizing the set organizational goals. The purpose of this article is to measure Performance which is influenced by leadership style and work climate in Manado city. Researchers use this type of research with a quantitative approach. Researchers used a cross-sectional design to obtain information from respondents through a researched sample. The method of this study requires the variables to be measured by surveying the selected model. This quantitative approach is used to measure the level of success in the influence of leadership style and work climate on employee performance at the Manado City Population Control and Family Planning Office. The technique of collecting data and information in this quantitative approach is a questionnaire. The data method analysis in this study uses statistics, namely inferential statistics. Inferential statistics used in this study are parametric. The statistic is helpful for testing population parameters through sample data. This test population parameter is called a statistical hypothesis test.Parametric statistics requires the fulfillment of many assumptions. The results showed that leadership style significantly affected the employees' Performance at the Office of Population Control and Family Planning in Manado City with a contribution of 3.059 or 0.031%. So it can be concluded that the better the Leadership Style, the higher the performance of employees at the Office of Population and Family Control. Manado City Planning. Work climate does not significantly affect employee performance at the Manado City Population Control and Family Planning Office because it does not contribute to the dependent variable. The influence of leadership style and work climate together on the Performance of employees in the Department of Population Control and Family Planning Manado City is 11.3%

Evaluation of an infant formula with large, milk-phospholipid coated lipid droplets on long-term growth and development of Singaporean infants: Randomized controlled trial protocol

10.3390/nu13082865Nutrients138286