INFLUENCE OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS MARKETING TO SALES EFFECTIVENESS PT. THE GREAT STAR OF MEDAN'S SUCCESS

This research was conducted on consumers who work at PT.  Bintang Agung Sukses Medan. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the effect of distribution channels and marketing information systems on sales effectiveness. The population and sample in this study amounted to 42 people. The sampling technique used is saturated. Data collection techniques are by distributing questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The conclusion in the study that simultaneously distribution channels and marketing information systems have a positive and significant effect on the sales effectiveness of PT. Bintang Agung Sukses Medan. Partially, the distribution channel has an effect on the sales effectiveness of PT. Bintang Agung Sukses Medan. Partially, the marketing information system has a positive and significant effect on the sales effectiveness of PT. Bintang Agung Sukses Medan. The magnitude of the coefficient of determination can be seen from the Adjusted R Square value is: 0.341 means that Distribution Channels and Marketing Information Systems are able to explain Sales Effectiveness by 34.1% while the remaining 65.9% is influenced by variables not examined such as: product discounts, market segmentation, product prices, and so on

A summary of the Malaysian Clinical Guidance on the management of postmenopausal and male osteoporosis, 2015

AbstractAimThis Clinical Guidance is aimed to help practitioners assess, diagnose and manage their patients with osteoporosis (OP), using the best available evidence.MethodsA literature search using PubMed (MEDLINE) and The Cochrane Library identified all relevant articles on OP and its assessment, diagnosis and treatment, from 2011, to update from the 2012 edition. The studies were assessed and the level of evidence assigned. For each statement, studies with the highest level of evidence were used to frame the recommendation.ResultsThis article summarizes the diagnostic and treatment pathways for postmenopausal and male OP, while addressing the risk-benefit ratio for OP treatment. Recognising the limitation of only depending on bone mineral density in assessing fracture risk, a move to assess 10 year fracture risk using tools such as FRAX, is recommended as a guide to decision-making on when to start treatment. A re-evaluation was done of the position of calcium supplementation and on the importance of vitamin D. There has been concern about the potential adverse effects of the long-term usage of bisphosphonates, which have been discussed fully. Algorithms for the management of postmenopausal and male OP have been updated.ConclusionsAdequate intake of calcium (1000 mg from both diet and supplements) and vitamin D (800 IU) daily remain important adjuncts in the treatment of OP. However, in confirmed OP, pharmacological therapy with anti-resorptives is the mainstay of treatment in both men and postmenopausal women. Patients need to be regularly assessed while on medication and treatment adjusted as appropriate

Glucuronidation by UGT1A1 Is the Dominant Pathway of the Metabolic Disposition of Belinostat in Liver Cancer Patients

10.1371/journal.pone.0054522PLoS ONE81

Prevalence of DDC genotypes in patients with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency and in silico prediction of structural protein changes

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting the biosynthesis of dopamine, a precursor of both norepinephrine and epinephrine, and serotonin. Diagnosis is based on the analysis of CSF or plasma metabolites, AADC activity in plasma and genetic testing for variants in the DDC gene. The exact prevalence of AADC deficiency, the number of patients, and the variant and genotype prevalence are not known. Here, we present the DDC variant (n = 143) and genotype (n = 151) prevalence of 348 patients with AADC deficiency, 121 of whom were previously not reported. In addition, we report 26 new DDC variants, classify them according to the ACMG/AMP/ACGS recommendations for pathogenicity and score them based on the predicted structural effect. The splice variant c.714+4A>T, with a founder effect in Taiwan and China, was the most common variant (allele frequency = 32.4%), and c.[714+4A>T];[714+4A>T] was the most common genotype (genotype frequency = 21.3%). Approximately 90% of genotypes had variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, while 7% had one VUS allele and 3% had two VUS alleles. Only one benign variant was reported. Homozygous and compound heterozygous genotypes were interpreted in terms of AADC protein and categorized as: i) devoid of full-length AADC, ii) bearing one type of AADC homodimeric variant or iii) producing an AADC protein population composed of two homodimeric and one heterodimeric variant. Based on structural features, a score was attributed for all homodimers, and a tentative prediction was advanced for the heterodimer. Almost all AADC protein variants were pathogenic or likely pathogenic

Prevalence of DDC genotypes in patients with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency and in silico prediction of structural protein changes

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting the biosynthesis of dopamine, a precursor of both norepinephrine and epinephrine, and serotonin. Diagnosis is based on the analysis of CSF or plasma metabolites, AADC activity in plasma and genetic testing for variants in the DDC gene. The exact prevalence of AADC deficiency, the number of patients, and the variant and genotype prevalence are not known. Here, we present the DDC variant (n = 143) and genotype (n = 151) prevalence of 348 patients with AADC deficiency, 121 of whom were previously not reported. In addition, we report 26 new DDC variants, classify them according to the ACMG/AMP/ACGS recommendations for pathogenicity and score them based on the predicted structural effect. The splice variant c.714+4A>T, with a founder effect in Taiwan and China, was the most common variant (allele frequency = 32.4%), and c.[714+4A>T];[714+4A>T] was the most common genotype (genotype frequency = 21.3%). Approximately 90% of genotypes had variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, while 7% had one VUS allele and 3% had two VUS alleles. Only one benign variant was reported. Homozygous and compound heterozygous genotypes were interpreted in terms of AADC protein and categorized as: i) devoid of full-length AADC, ii) bearing one type of AADC homodimeric variant or iii) producing an AADC protein population composed of two homodimeric and one heterodimeric variant. Based on structural features, a score was attributed for all homodimers, and a tentative prediction was advanced for the heterodimer. Almost all AADC protein variants were pathogenic or likely pathogenic

Is direct marketing replacing the role of agents and brokers in the travel insurance market today in Singapore?

This report aims to compare the importance of both direct and indirect marketing in the travel insurance industry in Singapore today. Through an analysis of the reasons behind why insurance companies have chosen certain means, instead of the rest, to reach their consumers, we will deduce the benefits and drawbacks of each individual marketing tool for the promotion and sales of travel insurance products

“Rogue machines” and crisis communication: when AI fails, how do companies publicly respond?

Artificial intelligence (AI) failures are increasingly common as more and more companies race to implement AI solutions. The implementation of AI and its inevitable malfunctions are an unprecedented type of crisis for corporate communication professionals. This study reviews (1) 23 instances of AI failures, (2) subsequent corporate communication, and (3) resultant media coverage to investigate the various strategies employed to deal with AI failures. We also identify if these strategies lead to positive or negative responses and/or mitigation of the crisis. Results show that several response strategies included in extant crisis response frameworks can be effective in dealing with AI crises, whereas other strategies tend to be unsuccessful. Our analysis also points to the emergence of a crisis communication strategy that takes advantage of the uncertainty surrounding the accountability of AI to mitigate the crisis.Nanyang Technological UniversityWe would like to acknowledge funding support from the Nanyang Technological University Undergraduate Research Experience on CAmpus (URECA) programme

Dissection of Double-Stranded RNA Binding Protein B2 from Betanodavirus▿

Betanodaviruses are small RNA viruses that infect teleost fish and pose a considerable threat to marine aquaculture production. These viruses possess a small protein, termed B2, which binds to and protects double-stranded RNA. This prevents cleavage of virus-derived double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) by Dicer and subsequent production of small interfering RNA (siRNA), which would otherwise induce an RNA-silencing response against the virus. In this work, we have performed charged-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis of the B2 protein in order to identify residues required for dsRNA binding and protection. While the majority of the 19 mutated B2 residues were required for maximal dsRNA binding and protection in vitro, residues R53 and R60 were essential for both activities. Subsequent experiments in fish cells confirmed these findings by showing that mutations in these residues abolished accumulation of both the RNA1 and RNA2 components of the viral genome, in addition to preventing any significant induction of the host interferon gene, Mx. Moreover, an obvious positive correlation was found between dsRNA binding and protection in vitro and RNA1, RNA2, and Mx accumulation in fish cells, further validating the importance of the selected amino acid residues. The same trend was also demonstrated using an RNA silencing system in HeLa cells, with residues R53 and R60 being essential for suppression of RNA silencing. Importantly, we found that siRNA-mediated knockdown of Dicer dramatically enhanced the accumulation of a B2 mutant. In addition, we found that B2 is able to induce apoptosis in fish cells but that this was not the result of dsRNA binding