Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Percepções do médico-chefe a respeito de atividades educativas em Postos de Assistência Médica Perceptions of head doctors regarding the educational activities undertaken in Municipal Health Services

Realizou-se pesquisa com médicos-chefe dos Postos de Assistência Médica (PAMs) da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, Brasil, com o objetivo de investigar seus conhecimentos, expectativas e predisposições em participar e incentivar as programações educativas nos PAMs. Utilizou-se questionário, com questões abertas e fechadas que foi respondido por 88,6% dos médicos-chefe dos PAMs. Os resultados demonstraram que o conceito de saúde da maioria dos médicos-chefe dos PAMS (66,3%) coincide com o emitido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Apenas 2,9% consideram que saúde está relacionada a qualidade de vida. Educação em saúde foi considerada por 70,0% como transmissão de informação; somente 6,7% reconheceram sua responsabilidade no processo de transformação social e de saúde. Na visão de 68,2% as ações educativas são reconhecidas como úteis para conscientizar o usuário sobre a importância do tratamento de doenças. Essas ações, seu planejamento, execução e avaliação são reconhecidas como responsabilidade de todos que trabalham nos PAMs mas, especialmente, das enfermeiras, assistentes sociais e educadores de saúde pública. Dificuldades foram mencionadas na execução de atividades educativas, referentes à falta de material suficiente e local adequado para sua realização, falta do educador de saúde pública e, principalmente, falta de motivação de funcionários e da própria população. A maioria dos médicos-chefe reconhece a importância das ações educativas, reconhece que são desenvolvidas por pelo menos parte de sua equipe embora, muitas vezes, precariamente, com dificuldades técnicas e administrativas.<br>The results of a research project carried out along with head-physicians of the Municipal Health Services (PAMs) of the city of S. Paulo in order to survey their knowledge, expectations and willingness to participate in and incentivate educational programs in the various PAMs, are reported on. An open-ended questionnaire was answered by 88.6% of the head-physicians. Results showed that the concept of health of the majority of the PAMs' head-physicians (66.3%) was coincidental with that adopted by the WHO. Only 2.9% considered that health is related to quality of life. Health education was seen as the provision of information by 70.0%; only 6.7% recognized their responsibility for the process of social and health change. According to 68.2% of them, health actions were acknowledged to be useful tools for making the users aware of the importance of having the diseases treated. Health actions, their planing, implementation and evaluation were considered to be the responsibility of all who work at the PAMs, but mainly of nurses, social workers and the health educator. Some difficulties in implementing educational activities were indicated; among them being lack of sufficient material and adequate space for their implementation, lack of professional Public Health Educators and, mainly, a lack of motivation on the part of both staff and population. The majority of the head-physicians recognized that educational activities are important, that they are carried out at least by part of their staffs, although frequently hampered by technical and operational difficulties

Australasian Malignant PLeural Effusion (AMPLE)-3 trial: study protocol for a multi-centre randomised study comparing indwelling pleural catheter (±talc pleurodesis) versus video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for management of malignant pleural effusion

Introduction: Malignant pleural efusions (MPEs) are common. MPE causes signifcant breathlessness and impairs quality of life. Indwelling pleural catheters (IPC) allow ambulatory drainage and reduce hospital days and re-interven‑ tion rates when compared to standard talc slurry pleurodesis. Daily drainage accelerates pleurodesis, and talc instil‑ lation via the IPC has been proven feasible and safe. Surgical pleurodesis via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is considered a one-of intervention for MPE and is often recommended to patients who are ft for surgery. The AMPLE-3 trial is the frst randomised trial to compare IPC (±talc pleurodesis) and VATS pleurodesis in those who are ft for surgery. Methods and analysis: A multi-centre, open-labelled randomised trial of patients with symptomatic MPE, expected survival of ≥ 6months and good performance status randomised 1:1 to either IPC or VATS pleurodesis. Participant randomisation will be minimised for (i) cancer type (mesothelioma vs non-mesothelioma); (ii) previous pleurodesis (vs not); and (iii) trapped lung, if known (vs not). Primary outcome is the need for further ipsilateral pleural interventions over 12months or until death, if sooner. Secondary outcomes include days in hospital, quality of life (QoL) measures, physical activity levels, safety profle, health economics, adverse events, and survival. The trial will recruit 158 partici‑ pants who will be followed up for 12months. Ethics and dissemination: Sir Charles Gairdner and Osborne Park Health Care Group (HREC) has approved the study (reference: RGS356). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientifc meetings. Discussion: Both IPC and VATS are commonly used procedures for MPE. The AMPLE-3 trial will provide data to help defne the merits and shortcomings of these procedures and inform future clinical care algorithms. Trial registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12618001013257. Registered on 18 June 2018. Protocol version: Version 3.00/4.02.19.Deirdre B. Fitzgerald ... Arash Badiei ... Phan Nguyen ... et al