Antiproliferative Activity of Extracts and Fractions from Irradiated Curcuma zanthorrhiza Rhizomes Against Mouse Leukemia and Human Cancer Cell Lines

Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. is a medicinal plant that is used as a raw material in the herbal medicine and pharmaceutical industries. The main content of  C. zanthorrhiza is curcuminoid, which is used as an antioxidant and an anticancer agent. The aim of this research was to study the effect of gamma radiation used for preserving simplicia or herbal drugs through the examination of their cytotoxicity against mouse leukemia L1210 cells and antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines HUT78, A549, HeLa, and THP1. The samples of curcuma rhizome were irradiated by gamma ray emitted by Cobalt-60 as a source at doses of 0 (control), 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 kGy. After irradiation, the samples were macerated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, respectively. Preliminary cytotoxicity test toward extract from control sample against mouse leukemia L1210 cells revealed that the ethyl acetate extract was the most active extract inhibiting   the growth of cells with an IC50 value of 16.6 µg/mL, followed by ethanol extract (18.8 µg/mL) and n-hexane extract (42.7 μg/mL). Fractionation using a chromatography column of the ethyl acetate extract resulted in seven fractions denoted as F1-F7. The cytotoxicity test of the seven fractions against mouse leukemia L1210 cells showed that fraction 3 (F3) was the most active fraction with an IC50 value of 10.0 μg/mL, followed by F7 (11.2 μg/mL), F6 (11.8 μg/mL), F5 (12.0 μg/mL), F1 (13.2 μg/mL), F4 (14.5 μg/mL), and F2 (27.8 μg/mL), respectively. Based on these results, all irradiated samples were then extracted, fractionated, and tested for cytotoxicity in a similar manner. The result showed that irradiation of samples under doses up to 10 kGy can be used to preserve Curcuma zanthorrhiza simplicia without damaging its efficacy. To ensure that the irradiation dose of 10 kGy did not reduce anticancer activity, the F3 from the irradiated sample at a dose of 10 kGy was also examined of its in-vitro antiproliferative activity using HUT78, A549, HeLa, and THP1 human cancer cell lines. The results showed that irradiation of the sample at a dose of 10 kGy reduced the antiproliferative activity of F3 against HUT78 (32 %), A549 (48 %), HeLa (42 %), and THP1 (31 %). However, its reduction did not eliminate its antiproliferative activities. These results indicated that the preservation of simplicia using radiation can be done at a maximum radiation dose of 10 kGy by modifying the concentration of simplicia in the fabrication process of herbal medicine formulation

Safety Evaluation of the Ethyl Acetate Extract on Irradiated Tea Parasite: Acute Toxicity Study on Mice

Many studies of the pharmacological efficacy of tea parasite and the use of ionizing radiation for decontamination of microbes and extending shelf life have been reported, but there is no information on its safety, such as the acute toxicity. In this study, the acute toxicity of two ethyl acetate extracts from unirradiated and irradiated (irradiation dose of 10 kGy) tea parasites Scurrula atropurpurea on Swiss Webster mice have been examined. The observation was done after the treatment of a single oral dose of ethyl acetate extract in various dose groups, i.e.: control (0 g/kg of mice body weight), D1 (0.625 g/kg), D2 (1.25 g/kg), D3 (2.5 g/kg) D4 (5 g/kg), D5 (10 g/kg) by observing the effect on behavioral response (pharmacological profile), the body weight gains and mortality until the day 14 th . At the last day, the observation of vital organs has also been done. The result showed thatno acute toxicity was found in mice treated with a single oral dose of ethyl acetate extract from unirradiated tea parasite and irradiated tea parasite at the dose of 10 kGy. At the dose up to 10 g/kg (equivalent to 77.6 g of extract which administered to human), the normal body weight gains were observed in mice of all dose groups, no mice deaths in any of the dose groups, and no significant change (p > 0.05) in organ weights relative to the body weight i.e.: liver, spleen, kidneys, lung, heart, testes and seminal vesicle (for male), and ovaries and uterus (for female). The approximate lethal doses for male and female mice were determined to be higher than 10 g/kg of mice body weight. It is suggested that the treatment of ethyl acetate extract from unirradiated and irradiated tea parasites until dose up to 10 g/kg of mice body weight was stillsafe

Sistem Informasi Eksekutif Dashboard Monitoring Hasil Produksi Pada PT Kmk Global Sports Menggunakan Automatic Timmer

Prototipe executive dashboard monitoring produksi  untuk pengambil keputusan pada PT KMK Global Sports merupakan penelitian yang dilakukan dalam rangka mengimplementasikan sebuah sistem executive dashboard yang dapat membantu manajemen PT KMK Global Sports mengambil keputusan dalam kegiatan produksi. Pada saat ini PT KMK Global Sports belum memiliki pengelolaan data/informasi  pembelian material dan proses produksi sepatu secara cepat dan tepat untuk keperluan rekapitulasi kegiatan harian dan bulanan, sering terjadinya keterlambatan dalam pembelian material, serta infrastruktur jaringan komputer, perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak yang belum memadai. Pembangunan executive dashboard dibangun berdasarkan model pengembangan dashboard berbasis user centered design. Pengembangan sistem executive dashboard monitoring produksi  menggunakan model prototipe berbasis SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) dan OOAD (Object-oriented analysis and design). Prototipe diuji dengan menggunakan pengujian ISO 9126 yaitu  black box testing. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah prototipe executive dashboard monitoring produksi yang dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu referensi pimpinan PT KMK Global Sports dalam mengambil keputusan dan diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi, contoh bagi lembaga atau Perusaahan  di kota lain.   Kata Kunci: Dashboard,Monitoring, ISO 9126, black box testi

Perbedaan Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Prezi dan Power Point terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa (Studi Siswa Kelas X IPS di SMA Negeri 1 Teras Boyolali Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017)

The purpose of this study was to find out the different effect between the use Prezi and the use of Powerpoint as learning media towards the students\u27 learning interest in Civic subject at class X IPS SMA Negeri1 Teras Boyolali. This was a quantitative study with experimental method that used treatment.The samples of this study were taken by using Simple random sampling technique. The design of this study was posttest-only control experimental. Data of this study were collected through observations and questionnaire. Data analysis precondition test was done by doing independent test, normality test, and homogeneity test, while Hypothesis was tested by using T-test.The result of hypothesis test found that tcount was 3,034 with significance level of 5% and df= n1+n2-2 (34+34-2=66), then ttable was 1,99656 (interpolation).So, tcount (3,034) > ttable (1,99656) and average score of experimental group 1 was 92,74, it was higher than the average score of experimental group 2 which gained 86,79. Based on the calculation, it can be concluded that there was a significant differences between the use of Prezi and the use of Powerpoint as learning media towards the students\u27 learning interest to civic subject at class X IPS of SMA Negeri 1 Teras Boyolali 2016/2017 academic year.The use of Prezi as learning media give more significant effect to the students\u27 learning interest since it had more innovative and interesting display, can be accessed online or offline, the given material was clear and easy to understand

Pengaruh Iradiasi Gamma Pada Aktivitas Sitotoksik Daging Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria Macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl.)

Iradiasi gamma telah digunakanoleh industri obat herbal untuk pengawetan simplisia tanaman obat, tetapi pengaruh iradiasiterhadap khasiatnya belum diteliti. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh dosis iradiasi optimaluntuk pengawetan simplisia daging buah mahkota dewa tanpa merusak khasiatnya. Telahdilakukan iradiasi gamma terhadap simplisia daging buah kering mahkota dewa pada variasidosis 0; 5; 7,5 ; 10; 15; 20 kGy. Cemaran mikroba diuji dengan metode yang mengacu padaSNI, yang menunjukkan bahwa dosis 5 kGy telah dapat membunuh seluruh mikroba. Masingmasingsampel dimaserasi dengan etanol, lalu ekstrak yang diperoleh difraksinasi dengankromatografi kolom, diperoleh 8 fraksi. Uji sitotoksisitas fraksi-fraksi terhadap sel leukemiaL1210 menunjukkan bahwa Fr.3 merupakan fraksi paling sitotoksik. Untuk menentukan dosisiradiasi optimal dalam menghambat pertumbuhan serta membunuh semua bakteri dankapang/khamir pada simplisia daging buah mahkota dewa tanpa menurunkan aktivitassitotoksik, dilakukan analisis kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi(KCKT) terhadap Fr.3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iradiasi dengan dosis > 5 kGy padasimplisia daging buah mahkota dewa dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan membunuh semuabakteri serta kapang khamir yang ada tanpa menurunkan aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak etanolsecara nyata terhadap sel leukemia L1210. Penurunan aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak etanolterhadap sel leukemia L1210 secara nyata terjadi setelah iradiasi pada dosis > 10 kGy. Padadosis 10 kGy, aktivitas sitotoksik sudah terlihat menurun meskipun belum melampaui batassuatu fraksi dinyatakan tidak aktif dan hasil analisis profil kromatogram KLT menunjukkanbahwa Fr. 3 sedikitnya mengandung 10 komponen. Iradiasi sampai dengan dosis 20 kGymengakibatkan intensitas salah satu puncak mayor menurun, dan penurunannya sebandingdengan besarnya dosis. Dosis 5 sampai 10 kGy merupakan dosis optimum untuk tujuanpengawetan tanpa merusak aktivitas sitotoksiknya

Designing and Developing Interactive Learning Multimedia Using 3D Game Engine

. This study mainly focuses on the process of designing and developing interactive learning media by using Unreal Development Kit, which basically consists of three main parts, i.e., designing 3D objects, designing 2D objects to be used as UI (User Interface), and arranging them into a level in UDK. The next stage is having subjects to test the level and fill out a questionnaire to find out their interest and response towards the use of this new type of learning media. The subjects are randomly-picked, they are 14 ninth-grade students from several junior high schools aged 14 to 15 years old. The results show that: (1) almost all subjects give positive response towards this type of learning media; (2) this new leaning media is rated 76.9 and 64,2 by media and material experts consecutively, meaning that the media is valid to be used; and (3) all subjects would like to use this media in mobile platforms

Assessment of Human Milk Intake by Breastfed Infants Using Deuterium Oxide Dose-to-Mother Technique in “Tumbuh Kembang Anak” Cohort, Indonesia

Indonesia government has done the WHO recomendation that the infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to achieve optimum growth, development and health. Nevertheless, the percentage of exclusive breastfed infants have not achieved the target yet and has not been scientifically quantified. The objective of the study is to measure the intake of human milk of Indonesian infants during first 6 months and to record the breastfeeding practices of mothers. Thirty healthy mother-infant pairs were recruited randomly for the cross-sectional study at “TumbuhKembangAnak” cohort in Bogor. Milk intake to the infant was measured using the deuterium oxide technique over 14 days. The interviews were done by members of team using the questionnaire to get the information on breastfeeding practice of respondents. The results showed that intake of human milk was 784 ± 117g.d-1 (mean ± SD), 787 ± 180 g.d-1 for infants 3 and 6 moths of age. It showed that the milk intake were not different between 3 and 6 months. The body composition of mothers, age, or parityhad no effects on milk intake of infants, education of mothers (3 months aged, P = 0.061, r = -0.097 and 6 months,  P = 0.616, r = -0.095), infants of3 months aged, P = 0.200, r = -0.290 and 6 months, P = -0.078, r = 0.684). Body mass index of mother (P < 0.05, r = 0.963) were correlated with the milk intake. About 53 % of the lactating mothers started breastfeeding within less than one hour of delivery. Breast-milk intake of the Indonesian infants were documented using deuterium oxide-to-the-mother technique.In the current study concluded that the exclusive breastfeeding practices with 30 pairs of mother-infant still shows that the conditions of exclusive breastfeeding practices have not been properly adhered to by mothers who deliver babies. It is recommended that "mother and baby health officer"  in Indonesia are increasingly promoting in order mothers in urban and rural areas to breastfeed exclusively for up to 6 month

Alat Ukur Induktansi Digital Berbasis Atmega 32

P. (1996). Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Elektronika Edisi Ketiga (terjemahan Prof. M. Barmawi, Ph.D. , M.O. Tjia, Ph.D., Departemen Fisika, Institut Teknlogi Bandung). Jakarta: Erlangga.Bishop, O. (2004). Dasar-Dasar Elektronika (terjemahan Irzam Harmein S.T). Jakarta: Erlangga.Yuliana, E. (2006). Rancang Bangun Alat Induktansi dan Kapasitansi Meter. Semarang. Universitas Negeri Semarang.Amallia, F. (2009). Rancang Bangun Kapasitansi dan Induktansi Meter Menggunakan Mikrokontroler Atmega8 Dengan Tampilan LCD. Jakarta. Universitas Mercu Buana.Frank D, Petrezuella. (2001). Elektronika Industri. Yogyakarta: And