64,626 research outputs found
Vestibular-induced vomiting after vestibulocerebellar lesions
Vestibular stimulation, by sinusoidal electrical polarization of the labyrinths of decerebrate cats which can produce vomiting and related activity which resembles motion sickness was examined. The symptoms include panting, salivation, swallowing, and retching as well as vomiting. These symptoms can be produced in cats with lesions of the posterior cerebellar vermis. It is suggested that a transcerebellar pathway from the vestibular apparatus through the nodulus and uvula to the vomiting center is not essential for vestibular induced vomiting and the occurrence of many symptoms of motion
Vomiting Center reanalyzed: An electrical stimulation study
Electrical stimulation of the brainstem of 15 decerebrate cats produced stimulus-bound vomiting in only 4 animals. Vomiting was reproducible in only one cat. Effective stimulating sites were located in the solitary tract and reticular formation. Restricted localization of a vomiting center, stimulation of which evoked readily reproducible results, could not be obtained
decays to from new data on
Data on the reaction with ,
taken with unpolarized or polarized beams in combination with an unpolarized or
polarized proton-target, were analyzed within the Bonn-Gatchina (BnGa) partial
wave analysis. Differential cross sections, several spin density matrix
elements, the beam asymmetry , the normalized helicity difference ,
and the correlation between linear photon and longitudinal target
polarization were included in a large data base on pion and photo-induced
reactions. The data on photoproduction are used to determine twelve
branching ratios; most of these are determined for the first
time.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 table
On third Poisson structure of KdV equation
The third Poisson structure of KdV equation in terms of canonical ``free
fields'' and reduced WZNW model is discussed. We prove that it is
``diagonalized'' in the Lagrange variables which were used before in
formulation of 2D gravity. We propose a quantum path integral for KdV equation
based on this representation.Comment: 6pp, Latex. to appear in ``Proceedings of V conference on
Mathematical Physics, String Theory and Quantum Gravity, Alushta, June 1994''
Teor.Mat.Fiz. 199
Induced scattering of short radio pulses
Effect of the induced Compton and Raman scattering on short, bright radio
pulses is investigated. It is shown that when a single pulse propagates through
the scattering medium, the effective optical depth is determined by the
duration of the pulse but not by the scale of the medium. The induced
scattering could hinder propagation of the radio pulse only if close enough to
the source a dense enough plasma is presented. The induced scattering within
the relativistically moving source places lower limits on the Lorentz factor of
the source. The results are applied to the recently discovered short
extragalactic radio pulse.Comment: submitted to Ap
Patterns of gene expression in schistosomes: localization by whole mount in situ hybridization
rom the identification of genes to the characterization of their functions and interactions. Developmental biologists have long used whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) to determine gene expression patterns, as a vital tool for formulating and testing hypotheses about function. This paper describes the application of WISH to the study of gene expression in larval and adult schistosomes. Fixed worms were permeablized by proteinase K treatment for hybridization with digoxygenin-labelled RNA probes, with binding being detected by alkaline phosphatase-coupled anti-digoxygenin antibodies, and BM Purple substrate. Discrete staining patterns for the transcripts of the molecules Sm29, cathepsin L, antigen 10.3 and chorion were observed in the tegument cell bodies, gut epithelium, oesophageal gland and vitelline lobules, respectively, of adult worms. Transcripts of the molecules SGTP4, GP18-22 and cathepsin L were localized to tegument cell bodies and embryonic gut, respectively, of lung schistosomula. We also showed that Fast Red TR fluorescent substrate can refine the pattern of localization permitting use of confocal microscopy. We believe that method of WISH will find broad application, in synergy with other emerging post-genomic techniques, such as RNA interference, to studies focused at increasing our molecular understanding of schistosomes
Future capacity growth of energy technologies: are scenarios consistent with historical evidence?
Future scenarios of the energy system under greenhouse gas emission constraints depict dramatic growth in a range of energy technologies. Technological growth dynamics observed historically provide a useful comparator for these future trajectories. We find that historical time series data reveal a consistent relationship between how much a technology’s cumulative installed capacity grows, and how long this growth takes. This relationship between extent (how much) and duration (for how long) is consistent across both energy supply and end-use technologies, and both established and emerging technologies. We then develop and test an approach for using this historical relationship to assess technological trajectories in future scenarios. Our approach for “learning from the past” contributes to the assessment and verification of integrated assessment and energy-economic models used to generate quantitative scenarios. Using data on power generation technologies from two such models, we also find a consistent extent - duration relationship across both technologies and scenarios. This relationship describes future low carbon technological growth in the power sector which appears to be conservative relative to what has been evidenced historically. Specifically, future extents of capacity growth are comparatively low given the lengthy time duration of that growth. We treat this finding with caution due to the low number of data points. Yet it remains counter-intuitive given the extremely rapid growth rates of certain low carbon technologies under stringent emission constraints. We explore possible reasons for the apparent scenario conservatism, and find parametric or structural conservatism in the underlying models to be one possible explanation
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