Effects of Diflubenzeron on the Ontogeny of Phototaxis by Palaemonetes pugio

The phototaxis by larvae of the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio that hatched from embryos which were exposed to a single pulse concentration of diflubenzuron (DFB; Dimilin®) was quantified. Stage IV embryos (6-day-old) were exposed to 0.5 µg/L of DFB for 4 days followed by transfer into clean seawater for the rest of the incubation period. The photoresponses of light-adapted larvae from untreated embryos and embryos treated with 0.5 µg/L DFB were monitored from 1 day through 8 day post hatch for phototactic responses to 500 nm light. Larvae from untreated embryos exhibited strong positive phototaxis at high light intensities (3 x 10-2 and 3 x 10-1 Wm-2) but became negatively phototactic at lower light intensities (3 x 10-5 to 3 x 10-3 Wm-2). This phototactic pattern continued during the monitoring period. On the other hand, larvae from DFB-treated embryos exhibited altered phototaxis for the first 3 days. Alterations were especially evident on Day 1, as larvae were only negatively phototactic. By Day 4, these larvae reverted to the normal pattern of photoresponses shown by untreated larvae. These results indicated that the alterations in photoresponses of larvae caused by embryonic exposure to DFB are only transitory and can be corrected within 4 days of hatching if the larvae are exposed to water lacking DFB

Effects of Diflubenzeron on the Ontogeny of Phototaxis by Palaemonetes pugio

The phototaxis by larvae of the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio that hatched from embryos which were exposed to a single pulse concentration of diflubenzuron (DFB; Dimilin®) was quantified. Stage IV embryos (6-day-old) were exposed to 0.5 µg/L of DFB for 4 days followed by transfer into clean seawater for the rest of the incubation period. The photoresponses of light-adapted larvae from untreated embryos and embryos treated with 0.5 µg/L DFB were monitored from 1 day through 8 day post hatch for phototactic responses to 500 nm light. Larvae from untreated embryos exhibited strong positive phototaxis at high light intensities (3 x 10-2 and 3 x 10-1 Wm-2) but became negatively phototactic at lower light intensities (3 x 10-5 to 3 x 10-3 Wm-2). This phototactic pattern continued during the monitoring period. On the other hand, larvae from DFB-treated embryos exhibited altered phototaxis for the first 3 days. Alterations were especially evident on Day 1, as larvae were only negatively phototactic. By Day 4, these larvae reverted to the normal pattern of photoresponses shown by untreated larvae. These results indicated that the alterations in photoresponses of larvae caused by embryonic exposure to DFB are only transitory and can be corrected within 4 days of hatching if the larvae are exposed to water lacking DFB

Hydrology of Southwestern Connecticut

Guidebook for field trips in Connecticut: New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference 60th annual meeting, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, October 25-27, 1968: Trip B-

Electrode cooling for long pulse high current ion sources

The need for cooling of electrode surface in ion sources for neutral beam line applications is summarized. The properties of possible cooling fluids are discussed and the decision to use water as a cooling fluid of choice is explained. The influence of source geometry on the design of a cooling canal is examined and two possible designs are presented. The need for model testing and the results of the tests on a model cathode are also discussed. Some remarks are also made on a method of predicting burnout failure of a cooled electrode

The Global Renormalization Group Trajectory in a Critical Supersymmetric Field Theory on the Lattice Z^3

We consider an Euclidean supersymmetric field theory in $Z^3$ given by a supersymmetric $\Phi^4$ perturbation of an underlying massless Gaussian measure on scalar bosonic and Grassmann fields with covariance the Green's function of a (stable) L\'evy random walk in $Z^3$. The Green's function depends on the L\'evy-Khintchine parameter $\alpha={3+\epsilon\over 2}$ with $0<\alpha<2$. For $\alpha ={3\over 2}$ the $\Phi^{4}$ interaction is marginal. We prove for $\alpha-{3\over 2}={\epsilon\over 2}>0$ sufficiently small and initial parameters held in an appropriate domain the existence of a global renormalization group trajectory uniformly bounded on all renormalization group scales and therefore on lattices which become arbitrarily fine. At the same time we establish the existence of the critical (stable) manifold. The interactions are uniformly bounded away from zero on all scales and therefore we are constructing a non-Gaussian supersymmetric field theory on all scales. The interest of this theory comes from the easily established fact that the Green's function of a (weakly) self-avoiding L\'evy walk in $Z^3$ is a second moment (two point correlation function) of the supersymmetric measure governing this model. The control of the renormalization group trajectory is a preparation for the study of the asymptotics of this Green's function. The rigorous control of the critical renormalization group trajectory is a preparation for the study of the critical exponents of the (weakly) self-avoiding L\'evy walk in $Z^3$.Comment: 82 pages, Tex with macros supplied. Revision includes 1. redefinition of norms involving fermions to ensure uniqueness. 2. change in the definition of lattice blocks and lattice polymer activities. 3. Some proofs have been reworked. 4. New lemmas 5.4A, 5.14A, and new Theorem 6.6. 5.Typos corrected.This is the version to appear in Journal of Statistical Physic

Problems with the definition of renormalized Hamiltonians for momentum-space renormalization transformations

For classical lattice systems with finite (Ising) spins, we show that the implementation of momentum-space renormalization at the level of Hamiltonians runs into the same type of difficulties as found for real-space transformations: Renormalized Hamiltonians are ill-defined in certain regions of the phase diagram.Comment: 14 pages, late

The braided jets in the spiral galaxy NGC 4258

We have used the Hawaii Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer to synthesize 44,000 Hα and [N II] emission-line profiles at velocity resolution 68 km s-1 FWHM across the disk of the nearby Seyfert/LINER galaxy NGC 4258, including the prominent "four-branched jet" that extends to 10 and 5 kpc radii in the radio continuum and optical emission lines, respectively. A long-slit spectrum, which includes the emission lines Hα, [N II] λλ6548, 6583 and [S II] λλ6717, 6731, has also been obtained along the jets. These data are used for a comprehensive kinematic study of the galaxy. The disk velocity field is best fitted with a model that incorporates elliptical, bar-forced streaming motions, as suggested by the H I and CO kinematics. Velocity dispersions along the SE jet average 80 km s-1, compared to 40 km s-1 in the H II regions. This broadening arises from a helical, braided structure of three intertwined plasma streams, as inferred from both the spatial and kinematic structure of the jet. The emission-line profiles split into two distinct velocity systems with separations 300 ± 30 km s-1 within 1.7 kpc of the nucleus along the midaxis of the braid pattern. Gaussian decomposition of the line profiles show that the internal velocity dispersion of each helical strand is ≈100 km s-1. We observe two cycles of the triple-braid pattern, with wavelength ≈1.4 kpc and side-to-side amplitude ≈400 pc. If the braided streams represent ballistic motion of gas ejected from orbiting objects, the outflow velocity is ≈2000 km s-1. The masses and separations of the compact objects would be ≈3 × 106 M⊙ and ≈6 pc (0″.2), respectively. However, the emission-line velocity field of the SE jet suggests that the gas moves along the helices, perhaps as a result of fluid instabilities at the interface between the jet and the interstellar medium or of motion along magnetic flux tubes. We show that the NNW jet follows a clear channel between molecular cloud complexes, and exhibits several emission-line "hot spots" and bends where it interacts with the surrounding molecular gas. High-velocity gas in the SE and NW radio "plateaus" probably results from earlier ejections of gas from the nucleus in these directions, with the jet nozzle having precessed to its present orientation. We find that the jets have total ionized mass 1.5 × 106 M⊙ (1 cm-3/ne) and [N II] λ6583/Hα ratios consistent with shock excita-tion. An Einstein HRI image reveals X-ray emission from the nucleus and SE jet. We show that the jet's X-ray emission may be interpreted as thermal bremsstrahlung from hot, shocked jet gas

Characterization of perfluorocarbon relaxation times and their influence on the optimization of fluorine-19 MRI at 3 tesla.

To characterize and optimize javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@7524a985 F MRI for different perfluorocarbons (PFCs) at 3T and quantify the loss of acquisition efficiency as a function of different temperature and cellular conditions. The T javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@1ef4ca84 and T javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@295b7e6f relaxation times of the commonly used PFCs perfluoropolyether (PFPE), perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether (PFCE), and perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) were measured in phantoms and in several different conditions (cell types, presence of fixation agent, and temperatures). These relaxation times were used to optimize pulse sequences through numerical simulations. The acquisition efficiency in each cellular condition was then determined as the ratio of the signal after optimization with the reference relaxation times and after optimization with its proper relaxation times. Finally, PFC detection limits were determined. The loss of acquisition efficiency due to parameter settings optimized for the wrong temperature and cellular condition was limited to 13%. The detection limits of all PFCs were lower at 24 °C than at 37 °C and varied from 11.8 ± 3.0 mM for PFCE at 24 °C to 379.9 ± 51.8 mM for PFOB at 37 °C. Optimizing javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@30187e57 F pulse sequences with a known phantom only leads to moderate loss in acquisition efficiency in cellular conditions that might be encountered in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Magn Reson Med 77:2263-2271, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

Path Integral Variational Methods for Strongly Correlated Systems

We introduce a new approach to highly correlated systems which generalizes the Fermi Hypernetted Chain and Correlated Basis Function techniques. While the latter approaches can only be applied to systems for which a nonrelativistic wave function can be defined, the new approach is based on the variation of a trial hamiltonian within a path integral framework and thus can also be applied to relativistic and field theoretical problems. We derive a diagrammatic scheme for the new approach and show how a particular choice of the trial hamiltonian corresponds exactly to the use of a Jastrow correlated ansatz for the wave function in the Fermi Hypernetted Chain approach. We show how our new approach can be used to find upper bounds to ground state energies in systems which the FHNC cannot handle, including those described by an energy-dependent effective hamiltonian. We demonstrate our approach by applying it to a quantum field theoretical system of interacting pions and nucleons.Comment: 35 RevTeX pages, 7 separated ps figures available on reques