111,807 research outputs found
Indium adhesion provides quantitative measure of surface cleanliness
Indium tipped probe measures hydrophobic and hydrophilic contaminants on rough and smooth surfaces. The force needed to pull the indium tip, which adheres to a clean surface, away from the surface provides a quantitative measure of cleanliness
Quantum Fluctuations of Particles and Fields in Smooth Path Integrals
An approach to evaluation of the smooth Feynman path integrals is developed
for the study of quantum fluctuations of particles and fields in Euclidean
time-space. The paths are described by sum of Gauss functions and are weighted
with exp(-S) by appropriate methods. The weighted smooth paths reproduce
properties of the ground state of the harmonic oscillator in one dimension with
high accuracy. Quantum fluctuations of U(1) and SU(2) gauge fields in four
dimensions are also evaluated in our approach.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, talk given at the 12th Asia Pacific Physics
Conference of AAPPS (APPC12), Makuhari, Japan, 14-19 July 201
The Influence of Nuclear Composition on the Electron Fraction in the Post-Core-Bounce Supernova Environment
We study the early evolution of the electron fraction (or, alternatively, the
neutron-to-proton ratio) in the region above the hot proto-neutron star formed
after a supernova explosion. We study the way in which the electron fraction in
this environment is set by a competition between lepton (electron, positron,
neutrino, and antineutrino) capture processes on free neutrons and protons and
nuclei. Our calculations take explicit account of the effect of nuclear
composition changes, such as formation of alpha particles (the alpha effect)
and the shifting of nuclear abundances in nuclear statistical equilibrium
associated with cooling in near-adiabatic outflow. We take detailed account of
the process of weak interaction freeze-out in conjunction with these nuclear
composition changes. Our detailed treatment shows that the alpha effect can
cause significant increases in the electron fraction, while neutrino and
antineutrino capture on heavy nuclei tends to have a buffering effect on this
quantity. We also examine the effect on weak rates and the electron fraction of
fluctuations in time in the neutrino and antineutrino energy spectra arising
from hydrodynamic waves. Our analysis is guided by the Mayle & Wilson supernova
code numerical results for the neutrino energy spectra and density and velocity
profiles.Comment: 38 pages, AAS LaTeX, 8 figure
Organic slug control using Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita
Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is a lethal slug parasitic nematode that has been formulated into an effective biological control agent called Nemaslug®. We investigated the possibility of using different application methods of P. hermaphrodita to reduce cost and the number of nematodes applied. We also compared P. hermaphrodita with a new slug pellet called Ferramol®, which is available for use on organic farms
Direct Evidence from Spitzer for a low-luminosity AGN at the center of the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 315
We present the {\it Spitzer} Space Telescope InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) and
Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) observations of the elliptical galaxy NGC
315. After removal of the host galaxy's stellar emission, we detected for the
first time an infrared-red nucleus in NGC 315. We measured the spectral energy
distribution (SED) for this active nucleus with wavelength range covering from
radio to X-ray, and obtained the bolometric luminosity of , corresponding to an extremely low Eddington
ratio (L/L) of 4.97 10. Our results confirm that
the physical nature of the nucleus of NGC 315 is a low-luminosity AGN,
consistent with the recent optical and {\it Chandra} X-ray observations.Comment: 4 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
Computer subroutines for the estimation of nuclear reaction effects in proton-tissue-dose calculations
Calculational methods for estimation of dose from external proton exposure of arbitrary convex bodies are briefly reviewed. All the necessary information for the estimation of dose in soft tissue is presented. Special emphasis is placed on retaining the effects of nuclear reaction, especially in relation to the dose equivalent. Computer subroutines to evaluate all of the relevant functions are discussed. Nuclear reaction contributions for standard space radiations are in most cases found to be significant. Many of the existing computer programs for estimating dose in which nuclear reaction effects are neglected can be readily converted to include nuclear reaction effects by use of the subroutines described herein
Cluster Algorithm Renormalization Group Study of Universal Fluctuations in the 2D Ising Model
In this paper we propose a novel method to study critical systems numerically
by a combined collective-mode algorithm and Renormalization Group on the
lattice. This method is an improved version of MCRG in the sense that it has
all the advantages of cluster algorithms. As an application we considered the
2D Ising model and studied wether scale invariance or universality are possible
underlying mechanisms responsible for the approximate "universal fluctuations"
close to a so-called bulk temperature . "Universal fluctuations" was
first proposed in [1] and stated that the probability density function of a
global quantity for very dissimilar systems, like a confined turbulent flow and
a 2D magnetic system, properly normalized to the first two moments, becomes
similar to the "universal distribution", originally obtained for the
magnetization in the 2D XY model in the low temperature region. The results for
the critical exponents and the renormalization group flow of the probability
density function are very accurate and show no evidence to support that the
approximate common shape of the PDF should be related to both scale invariance
or universal behavior.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures and 3 table
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