53,471 research outputs found
Patterns of gene expression in schistosomes: localization by whole mount in situ hybridization
rom the identification of genes to the characterization of their functions and interactions. Developmental biologists have long used whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) to determine gene expression patterns, as a vital tool for formulating and testing hypotheses about function. This paper describes the application of WISH to the study of gene expression in larval and adult schistosomes. Fixed worms were permeablized by proteinase K treatment for hybridization with digoxygenin-labelled RNA probes, with binding being detected by alkaline phosphatase-coupled anti-digoxygenin antibodies, and BM Purple substrate. Discrete staining patterns for the transcripts of the molecules Sm29, cathepsin L, antigen 10.3 and chorion were observed in the tegument cell bodies, gut epithelium, oesophageal gland and vitelline lobules, respectively, of adult worms. Transcripts of the molecules SGTP4, GP18-22 and cathepsin L were localized to tegument cell bodies and embryonic gut, respectively, of lung schistosomula. We also showed that Fast Red TR fluorescent substrate can refine the pattern of localization permitting use of confocal microscopy. We believe that method of WISH will find broad application, in synergy with other emerging post-genomic techniques, such as RNA interference, to studies focused at increasing our molecular understanding of schistosomes
decays to from new data on
Data on the reaction with ,
taken with unpolarized or polarized beams in combination with an unpolarized or
polarized proton-target, were analyzed within the Bonn-Gatchina (BnGa) partial
wave analysis. Differential cross sections, several spin density matrix
elements, the beam asymmetry , the normalized helicity difference ,
and the correlation between linear photon and longitudinal target
polarization were included in a large data base on pion and photo-induced
reactions. The data on photoproduction are used to determine twelve
branching ratios; most of these are determined for the first
time.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 table
Correlation of AH-1G helicopter flight vibration data and tailboom static test data with NASTRAN analytical results
Level flight airframe vibration at main rotor excitation frequencies was calculated. A NASTRAN tailboom analysis was compared with test data for evaluation of methods used to determine effective skin in a semimonocoque sheet-stringer structure. The flight vibration correlation involved comparison of level flight vibration for two helicopter configurations: clean wing, at light gross weight and wing stores at heavy gross weight. In the tailboom correlation, deflections and internal loads were compared using static test data and a NASTRAN analysis. An iterative procedure was used to determine the amount of effective skin of buckled panels under compression load
Universal scaling behavior at the upper critical dimension of non-equilibrium continuous phase transitions
In this work we analyze the universal scaling functions and the critical
exponents at the upper critical dimension of a continuous phase transition. The
consideration of the universal scaling behavior yields a decisive check of the
value of the upper critical dimension. We apply our method to a non-equilibrium
continuous phase transition. But focusing on the equation of state of the phase
transition it is easy to extend our analysis to all equilibrium and
non-equilibrium phase transitions observed numerically or experimentally.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Criterion for Dominance of Directional over Size Fluctuations in Destroying Order
For systems exhibiting a second-order phase transition with a spontaneously
broken continuous O(N)-symmetry at low temperature, we give a criterion for
judging at which temperature T_K long-range directional fluctuations of the
order field destroy the order when approaching the critical temperature from
below. The temperature T_K lies always significantly below the famous Ginzburg
temperature T_G at which size fluctuations of finite range in the order field
become important.Comment: Author Information under
http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html . Latest update of
paper also at http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/re3.html#29
Ground state energy of the modified Nambu-Goto string
We calculate, using zeta function regularization method, semiclassical energy
of the Nambu-Goto string supplemented with the boundary, Gauss-Bonnet term in
the action and discuss the tachyonic ground state problem.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, 2 figure
Solitons from Dressing in an Algebraic Approach to the Constrained KP Hierarchy
The algebraic matrix hierarchy approach based on affine Lie algebras
leads to a variety of 1+1 soliton equations. By varying the rank of the
underlying algebra as well as its gradation in the affine setting, one
encompasses the set of the soliton equations of the constrained KP hierarchy.
The soliton solutions are then obtained as elements of the orbits of the
dressing transformations constructed in terms of representations of the vertex
operators of the affine algebras realized in the unconventional
gradations. Such soliton solutions exhibit non-trivial dependence on the KdV
(odd) time flows and KP (odd and even) time flows which distinguishes them from
the conventional structure of the Darboux-B\"{a}cklund Wronskian solutions of
the constrained KP hierarchy.Comment: LaTeX, 13pg
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