Why has it only become an issue now? Young drug users' perceptions of drug driving in Melbourne, Victoria

Preliminary research into drug-user perceptions of drug driving was undertaken with a sample group of drug users aged 18 to 24 from Melbourne, Victoria. Eleven males and nine females participated in semi-structured interviews and completed self-report surveys. Participants discussed their drug driving and their perceptions of the likelihood of detection by police for drug driving. This research provides further insight into young people’s perceptions and behaviours in relation to drug use and driving. The perspectives of young people are rarely included in current drug-driving debates and may have possible implications for policy development

The Grizzly, February 1, 1980

Upheaval II & More • Annex Plans Explored • College Expands Property • Survey Taken By CLC • Letters to the Editor • Roving Reporter: Moscow Olympics • USGA Candidates • Economic Outlook For 80\u27s • Brass Ring • The Best of the Seventies • Bomberger Electrified By Campus Talent • Ursinus News In Brief: Educator named to Montessori Academy board; Sculpture exhibit opens at Myrin Jan. 21 • A Look At U.C. Attrition • Cagers In 1st Place • Intramurals Halfway Point • Women\u27s JV B-Ball Suffers Loss • Nelson Sparks Women\u27s Hoophttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1031/thumbnail.jp

Effect of Maternal Exercise on Adverse Cardio-Pulmonary Responses in Offspring Exposed to Post-Natal Chronic Hypoxia

Emerging evidence shows exercise by women throughout pregnancy (i.e., maternal exercise) endows the offspring with positive health benefits and resistance to many diseases later in life. PURPOSE: To determine if maternal exercise reduces unfavorable cardiopulmonary development and improves exercise capacity in offspring after chronic hypoxic exposure throughout early life. METHODS: Female adult C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: high altitude, sedentary (HS), high altitude, active (HE), or the respective, low-altitude conditions (LS or LE). Pregnant females in the exercise groups performed voluntary wheel running during mating and the perinatal period (about 4 weeks). Three days after birth, the pups in the high-altitude groups were exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia (450mmHg). When pups were eight weeks old, body size (weight and tail length) was measured and exercise capacity was assessed via a Rotarod test. Terminal procedures were performed to measure right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), hematocrit, and heart remodeling (Fulton’s Index: right ventricular weight ratio to bodyweight (RV/BW) and to the left ventricle plus septum (RV/LV+S)). RESULTS: All variables measured had a main effect for altitude (pCONCLUSION: Chronic hypoxia decreases exercise capacity and attenuates growth. This stress also induces potentially harmful cardiovascular changes, such as high blood viscosity, RVSP, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Our results indicate that maternal exercise may attenuate some of the negative effects of chronic hypoxia in the offspring, but does not prevent significant development impairments

Her9/Hes4 Is Required for Retinal Photoreceptor Development, Maintenance, and Survival

The intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate vertebrate photoreceptor specification and differentiation are complex, and our understanding of all the players is far from complete. Her9, the zebrafish ortholog of human HES4, is a basic helix-loop-helix-orange transcriptional repressor that regulates neurogenesis in several developmental contexts. We have previously shown that her9 is upregulated during chronic rod photoreceptor degeneration and regeneration in adult zebrafish, but little is known about the role of her9 during retinal development. To better understand the function of Her9 in the retina, we generated zebrafish her9 CRISPR mutants. Her9 homozygous mutants displayed striking retinal phenotypes, including decreased numbers of rods and red/green cones, whereas blue and UV cones were relatively unaffected. The reduction in rods and red/green cones correlated with defects in photoreceptor subtype lineage specification. The remaining rods and double cones displayed abnormal outer segments, and elevated levels of apoptosis. In addition to the photoreceptor defects, her9 mutants also possessed a reduced proliferative ciliary marginal zone, and decreased and disorganized Müller glia. Mutation of her9 was larval lethal, with no mutants surviving past 13 days post fertilization. Our results reveal a previously undescribed role for Her9/Hes4 in photoreceptor differentiation, maintenance, and survival

PADI4 genotype is not associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a large UK Caucasian population

BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms of the peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) gene confer susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in East Asian people. However, studies in European populations have produced conflicting results. This study explored the association of the PADI4 genotype with RA in a large UK Caucasian population. METHODS: The PADI4_94 (rs2240340) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was directly genotyped in a cohort of unrelated UK Caucasian patients with RA (n=3732) and population controls (n=3039). Imputed data from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) was used to investigate the association of PADI4_94 with RA in an independent group of RA cases (n=1859) and controls (n=10 599). A further 56 SNPs spanning the PADI4 gene were investigated for association with RA using data from the WTCCC study. RESULTS: The PADI4_94 genotype was not associated with RA in either the present cohort or the WTCCC cohort. Combined analysis of all the cases of RA (n=5591) and controls (n=13 638) gave an overall OR of 1.01 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.05, p=0.72). No association with anti-CCP antibodies and no interaction with either shared epitope or PTPN22 was detected. No evidence for association with RA was identified for any of the PADI4 SNPs investigated. Meta-analysis of previously published studies and our data confirmed no significant association between the PADI4_94 genotype and RA in people of European descent (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.13, p=0.12). CONCLUSION: In the largest study performed to date, the PADI4 genotype was not a significant risk factor for RA in people of European ancestry, in contrast to Asian populations

DNMT3B PWWP mutations cause hypermethylation of heterochromatin

The correct establishment of DNA methylation patterns is vital for mammalian development and is achieved by the de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B. DNMT3B localises to H3K36me3 at actively transcribing gene bodies via its PWWP domain. It also functions at heterochromatin through an unknown recruitment mechanism. Here we find that knockout of DNMT3B causes loss of methylation predominantly at H3K9me3-marked heterochromatin and that DNMT3B PWWP domain mutations or deletion result in striking increases of methylation in H3K9me3-marked heterochromatin. Removal of the N-terminal region of DNMT3B affects its ability to methylate H3K9me3-marked regions. This region of DNMT3B directly interacts with HP1 and facilitates the bridging of DNMT3B with H3K9me3-marked nucleosomes in vitro. Our results suggest that DNMT3B is recruited to H3K9me3 marked heterochromatin in a PWWP-independent mannerthat is facilitated by the protein’s N-terminal region through an interaction with a key heterochromatin protein. More generally, we suggest that DNMT3B plays a role in DNA methylation homeostasis at heterochromatin, a process which is disrupted in cancer, aging and Immunodeficiency, Centromeric Instability and Facial Anomalies (ICF) syndrome

Study of the common genetic background for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus

BACKGROUND: Evidence is beginning to emerge that there may be susceptibility loci for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that are common to both diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms that have been reported to be associated with SLE in a UK cohort of patients with RA and controls. METHODS: 3962 patients with RA and 9275 controls were included in the study. Eleven SNPs mapping to confirmed SLE loci were investigated. These mapped to the TNFSF4, BANK1, TNIP1, PTTG1, UHRF1BP1, ATG5, JAZF1, BLK, KIAA1542, ITGAM and UBE2L3 loci. Genotype frequencies were compared between patients with RA and controls using the trend test. RESULTS: The SNPs mapping to the BLK and UBE2L3 loci showed significant evidence for association with RA. Two other SNPs, mapping to ATG5 and KIAA1542, showed nominal evidence for association with RA (p=0.02 and p=0.02, respectively) but these were not significant after applying a Bonferroni correction. Additionally, a significant global enrichment in carriage of SLE alleles in patients with RA compared with controls (p=9.1×10(-7)) was found. Meta-analysis of this and previous studies confirmed the association of the BLK and UBE2L3 gene with RA at genome-wide significance levels (p<5×10(-8)). Together, the authors estimate that the SLE and RA overlapping loci, excluding HLA-DRB1 alleles, identified so far explain ∼5.8% of the genetic susceptibility to RA as a whole. CONCLUSION: The findings confirm the association of the BLK and UBE2L3 loci with RA, thus adding to the list of loci showing overlap between RA and SLE

Healthy Nebraska: Advancing Human Health and Developing Healthy Communities

Healthy Nebraska: Advancing Human Health and Developing Healthy Communities Every day, the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources (IANR) is putting together a wickedly complex puzzle, in which each faculty member, researcher, Extension educator, student, staff member, partner and stakeholder is a vitally important piece. As the pieces come together, we see a picture of the world in which IANR is making a meaningful difference in sustainable food, fuel, feed, and fiber production

The Lantern Vol. 52, No. 2, Spring 1986

• The Cartoonist • Balance • Haiku • Moment of Truth • There Was a Man • Mad Song / Cassandra\u27s Song • Part I - The Descent • Political Thought • Beast • Questions Yet Unanswered • Aphrodite: A Lover\u27s Lament • The Most Limber Boy • Style And • Thoughts From My Confusion • Andy • Momma Wake Up • In The Suburbs • Tommy • When the Phone Rings • There\u27s Something Soothing • Starting Over • A Day in the Life of a Flower • Pretension • It Seems Like So Long Ago • I Walk Along • Insignificant Man • Variations on a Latin Theme • The Riddle • Roll the Dice - Its Your Turn • This Is Your Day • One Night Stand • Make My Day • You Really Can\u27t Expect • Medusa • Don\u27t Think • Broken Chain • Life...A Hammock? • To My Friend • Ode On a Grecian Keghttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1128/thumbnail.jp

Proposals for Addressing Exotic Invasive Species: The Middle Patuxent Environmental Area and Surrounds

Final project for LARC452: Green Infrastructure & Community Greening (Fall 2015). Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park.This report describes efforts undertaken by students as part of LARC 452 Green Infrastructure and Community Greening, Fall 2015. The course is divided into three sections. Section one focuses on land preservation principles and programs in the State of Maryland. Section two focuses on greening standards in the site development process including the implementation of the Maryland Forest Conservation Act and the District’s Green Area Ratio. Section three focuses on green interventions related to stormwater efforts and the implementation of Maryland ESD requirements. This research served as the project for the primarily lecture- based course. This research served two purposes for the overall course. First, it provided students with the opportunity to review and propose solutions to practical, real world invasive species issues. Secondly, the two field trips allowed students, particularly those with minimal vegetation or plant science background, real field experiences and the opportunity to learn from Howard County staff and other students. This was a valuable experience. The overall document provides three primary outcomes. The results of the field days provided data from sampling of 20 permanent vegetation plots in the northern section of Northern Conservation Area. The Northern Conservation Area has approximately 34 plots. Invasive species occurred in 100% of the 20 plots. The most prevalent species were Lonicera japonica, Microstegium vimineum, and Rosa multiflora. The second outcome is a series of proposals for addressing invasive species. The proposals draw on the adjacent land uses—schools, golf course and residential. The third outcome is a compilation of reference annotations that were investigated to support the development of the proposals. In the discussion of invasive species, students gained an acute and tangible understanding of the problem of invasive species and the challenges of addressing this widespread problem. The proposals reflect a consensus that public-private partnerships supported by both public and private leadership are needed to address the quality of forest environments and a difficult problem such as invasive species.Howard Count