Studies in the fluoranthene series

1. The mixture of acids obtained on the oxidation of 4:11 -dibromofluoranthene has been shown to consist of 2:7- dibromofluorenone -l- carboxylic acid and 6- bromofluorenone -l- carboxylic acid. The structure of the latter was proved by its decarboxylation to 3- bromofluorenone.2. The action of diazomethane on fluorenone acids in presence of methanol has been investigated.. The ring enlargement to substituted 9- phenanthrols, noted by previous workers, has been confirmed.3. The reduction of 4:11 -dibromofluoranthene to 1:2:3:4 - tetrahydrofluoranthene has been accomplished.4. The synthesis of 4:11 -dicarboxyfluoranthene from 4:11 -dibromofluoranthene was successfully accomplished. This di -acid was shown to be different from that obtained during Friedel- Crafts reaction on fluoranthene.5. The tribromofluoranthene, obtained on the bromination of 4:11 -dibromofluoranthene, has been shown, both by degradation and by synthesis, to be 4:11:12-tribromofluoranthene.6. 4:5- Dibromophthalic acid was prepared by the oxidation of 4:5- dibromo -o- xylene and shown to be identical with one of the oxidation products of 4:11:12- tribromofluoranthene, thereby proving the structure of the latter,7. The nitration of 1:2:3:4 -tetrahydrofluoranthene gave two products, which were shown to be 1- hydroxy -2- nitro- 1:2:3:4 -tetrahydrofluoranthene and its dehydration product, 2- nitro- 3:4- dihydrofluoranthene.8. The dehydrogenation of 2- nitro -3:4- dihydrofluoranthene to 2- nitrofluoranthene has made easily accessible fluoranthene compounds substituted in the 2- position. which are otherwise difficult to obtain.9. The nitration of 5- bromo- 1:2:3:4- tetrahydrofluoranthene also gave two products which are the bromo-analogue6 of those obtained in the nitration of 1:2:3:4 - tetrahydrofluoranthene.10. The synthesis of 1:2- benzfluorene has been accomplished, starting from ß - 1- fluorenonepropionío acid

REMAP:An online remote sensing application for land cover classification and monitoring

Recent assessments of progress towards global conservation targets have revealed a paucity of indicators suitable for assessing the changing state of ecosystems. Moreover, land managers and planners are often unable to gain timely access to the maps they need to support their routine decision-making. This deficiency is partly due to a lack of suitable data on ecosystem change, driven mostly by the considerable technical expertise needed to develop ecosystem maps from remote sensing data. We have developed a free and open-access online remote sensing and environmental modelling application, the Remote Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment Pipeline (Remap; https://remap-app.org), that enables volunteers, managers and scientists with little or no experience in remote sensing to generate classifications (maps) of land cover and land use change over time. Remap utilizes the geospatial data storage and analysis capacity of Google Earth Engine and requires only spatially resolved training data that define map classes of interest (e.g. ecosystem types). The training data, which can be uploaded or annotated interactively within Remap, are used in a random forest classification of up to 13 publicly available predictor datasets to assign all pixels in a focal region to map classes. Predictor datasets available in Remap represent topographic (e.g. slope, elevation), spectral (archival Landsat image composites) and climatic variables (precipitation, temperature) that are relevant to the distribution of ecosystems and land cover classes. The ability of Remap to develop and export high-quality classified maps in a very short (<10 min) time frame represents a considerable advance towards globally accessible and free application of remote sensing technology. By enabling access to data and simplifying remote sensing classifications, Remap can catalyse the monitoring of land use and change to support environmental conservation, including developing inventories of biodiversity, identifying hotspots of ecosystem diversity, ecosystem-based spatial conservation planning, mapping ecosystem loss at local scales and supporting environmental education initiatives

Electronic Medical Record Inaccuracies: Multicenter Analysis of Challenges with Modified Lung Cancer Screening Criteria.

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network expanded their lung cancer screening (LCS) criteria to comprise one additional clinical risk factor, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The electronic medical record (EMR) is a source of clinical information that could identify high-risk populations for LCS, including a diagnosis of COPD; however, an unsubstantiated COPD diagnosis in the EMR may lead to inappropriate LCS referrals. We aimed to detect the prevalence of unsubstantiated COPD diagnosis in the EMR for LCS referrals, to determine the efficacy of utilizing the EMR as an accurate population-based eligibility screening trigger using modified clinical criteria. We performed a multicenter review of all individuals referred to three LCS programs from 2012 to 2015. Each individual\u27s EMR was searched for COPD diagnostic terms and the presence of a diagnostic pulmonary functionality test (PFT). An unsubstantiated COPD diagnosis was defined by an individual\u27s EMR containing a COPD term with no PFTs present, or the presence of PFTs without evidence of obstruction. A total of 2834 referred individuals were identified, of which 30% (840/2834) had a COPD term present in their EMR. Of these, 68% (571/840) were considered unsubstantiated diagnoses: 86% (489/571) due to absent PFTs and 14% (82/571) due to PFTs demonstrating no evidence of postbronchodilation obstruction. A large proportion of individuals referred for LCS may have an unsubstantiated COPD diagnosis within their EMR. Thus, utilizing the EMR as a population-based eligibility screening tool, employing expanded criteria, may lead to individuals being referred, potentially, inappropriately for LCS

Biological Earth observation with animal sensors

Space-based tracking technology using low-cost miniature tags is now delivering data on fine-scale animal movement at near-global scale. Linked with remotely sensed environmental data, this offers a biological lens on habitat integrity and connectivity for conservation and human health; a global network of animal sentinels of environmen-tal change

coreytcallaghan/Oikos_oik.06158 Oikos_oik.06158

This is a release of the repository used to re-analyze Callaghan et al. 2019 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/oik.06158

Where the light gets in

A Regenerative Design Field Kit, a tool designed to expand your perspective as you observe the world around you, reflect on the present, and contemplate potential futures. Using the Field Kit is as straightforward as following these three steps: Peer through the viewer at an object or scene Apply the questions to examine the present Use the question cards to imagine possible futures This kit empowers you and your team to scrutinize challenges in today's world more intensively, and imagine a wide variety of different paths to take. How do you design the healthiest environment, with the greatest economy, for all in society