Visibility of health news outlet attributions on facebook : outcomes for credibility perceptions and recall

The internet has become a major source of health information, and the user-generated content found online, especially on social media, makes health misinformation a serious concern (Yang & Beatty, 2016). Two-thirds of U.S. adults now get news from social media (Pew Research Center, 2017c). Social media removes the traditional "gatekeepers" that control the flow of health information. As a result, fringe views can reach many more people (Kata, 2012). At the same time, public trust in and credibility of the U.S. media is at a near-record low (Gallup News Service, 2017; Pew Research Center, 2011). This study therefore investigated how social media users form credibility perceptions of posts from mainstream news organizations, using heuristics formed from both platform features and source cues, based on Sundar's (2008) MAIN model. A 2x2 factorial, between-subjects design was used, with the independent variables of news outlet visibility (as it normally appears on Facebook, or in an enlarged format) and news outlet reputation (high, as represented by the BBC, or low, as represented by the Huffington Post). Results suggest that increasing the size of news outlet attribution on Facebook does indeed increase recall of the outlet name, but the effects of this size increase on credibility perceptions within my small sample of 205 participants were not significant. Alternative explanations are offered through the use of exploratory analysis.Includes bibliographical reference

We Should Not Get Rid of Incivility Online

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.Incivility and toxicity have become concepts du jour in research about social media. The clear normative implication in much of this research is that incivility is bad and should be eliminated. Extensive research—including some that we’ve authored—has been dedicated to finding ways to reduce or eliminate incivility from online discussion spaces. In our work as part of the Civic Signals Initiative, we’ve been thinking carefully about what metrics should be adopted by social media platforms eager to create better spaces for their users. When we tell people about this project, removing incivility from the platforms frequently comes up as a suggested metric. In thinking about incivility, however, we’ve become less convinced that it is desirable, or even possible, for social media platforms to remove all uncivil content. In this short essay, we discuss research on incivility, our rationale for a more complicated normative stance regarding incivility, and what other orientations may be more useful. We conclude with a post mortem arguing that we should not abandon research on incivility altogether, but we should recognize the limitations of a concept that is difficult to universalize

What Social Media Could Be: Normative Frameworks for Evaluating Digital Public Spaces

Increasing attention has been placed to the societal downsides of social media, and appropriately so. Less attention has been paid to the qualities to which social media should aspire. We contend that this is critically important. Not only must social media, and social media scholars, identify and reduce negative outcomes, but we must also critically engage with what is desirable. The purpose of this theoretical essay is to propose a normative framework for digital public spaces. We lay out four categories, and 14 sub-categories, of normative ideals to which social media could aspire. It is our hope that chronicling these qualities will allow scholars to more critically reflect on their normative assumptions when they research social media and will encourage practitioners to think about how social media could be built with these ideals in mind

Cumulative incidence and disease-specific survival of metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A nationwide cancer registry study

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) represents the most serious form of keratinocyte cancers because of its metastatic potential. Studies on nationwide incidence and disease-specific survival rates of metastatic cSCC (mcSCC) are lacking. Objective: To investigate the cumulative incidence and disease-specific survival of patients with mcSCC in the Dutch population and assess patient-based risk factors. Methods: We conducted a nationwide cancer registry study including all patients with the first cSCC in 2007 or 2008, using data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry, the nationwide network and registry of histopathology and cytopathology, and Statistics Netherlands. Cumulative incidence and Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated, and time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used. Results: Of the 11,137 patients, metastases developed in 1.9% (n = 217). The median time to metastasis was 1.5 years (interquartile range 0.6-3.8 years). The risk factors were age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.05), male sex (aHR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.3), and immunosuppression (aHR [organ transplant recipient] 5.0, 95% CI 2.5-10.0; aHR [hematologic malignancy] 2.7, 95% CI 1.6-4.6). The 5-year disease-specific survival for patients with mcSCC was 79.1%. Limitations: Only histopathologically confirmed mcSCCs were included. Conclusion: About 2% of cSCCs metastasize, with higher risk for men, increasing age, and immunocompromised patients. Disease-specific survival for patients with mcSCC is high

Ocular Behçet Disease—Clinical Manifestations, Treatments and Outcomes According to Age at Disease Onset

Behçet disease (BD) is a multisystemic disease that commonly involves the eyes. Although it affects patients in all age groups, data on ocular disease by age of onset are limited. This retrospective, multicenter study aimed to compare epidemiology, systemic and ocular manifestations, treatments and outcomes between three age groups: juvenile (n = 25, 14.3%), adult-onset (n = 120, 68.6%) and late-onset (n = 30, 17.1%). Most patients in all groups were male. Systemic manifestations were similar in all groups. Systemic co-morbidities were more common in late-onset patients. Bilateral panuveitis was the most common ocular manifestation in all patients. Non-occlusive retinal vasculitis, peripheral vessel occlusions, cataract and elevated intraocular pressure were found more commonly among juvenile-onset eyes. Anterior uveitis and macular ischemia were most common among late-onset eyes, while branch retinal vein occlusion was most common in adult and late-onset eyes. All patients were treated with corticosteroids. Methotrexate, immunomodulatory combinations and biologic treatments were more commonly used for juvenile-onset patients. All groups had a similar visual outcome. Our study showed that patients with ocular BD have varied ocular manifestations and require different treatments according to age of disease onset, but visual outcome is similar