Chiropractors’ perception of occupational stress and its influencing factors: a qualitative study using responses to open-ended questions

Background: Job stress and emotional exhaustion have been shown to have a negative impact on the helping professional. The development and causal relations of job stress and emotional exhaustion are rather unclear in the chiropractic profession. The objective of this study is to understand the main sources of occupational stress and emotional exhaustion among doctors of chiropractic. Methods: Analysis of the written responses to web-based open-ended questionnaire was performed using an interpretive research methodology. Additionally, cross tabulation and Chi square statistical tests were conducted to match and couple the demographic data with the categorical themes. Results: Fourteen professional stress categories emerged from the 970 completed surveys. “Managed Care Organization regulation”, “Managed Care reimbursement” and “Scope of Practice Issues” were the most common stressors that negatively influenced chiropractors’ professional and personal lives. The results of the categorical analysis suggests that age, marital status, number of years in practice and location of practice may have an influence on the category of stress reported by chiropractors. Conclusions: The qualitative approach revealed common, conventional and culture-specific job stressors in doctors of chiropractic. Notably, these findings suggest an association between third-party payer influences (increased regulation/ decreased reimbursement) with that of increased job stress. Further research will be undertaken to refine the stress and satisfaction parameters and address stress interventions

Three in One: The Style, Structure, And Sound of Thad Jones as a Jazz Trumpeter

Thad Jones’s role as a big-band composer, arranger and leader of the famed Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra formed the basis for his international reputation in the jazz world. However, it can be demonstrated that Jones’s improvisational style as a jazz trumpet soloist directly informed his composition and arranging style. Long before Jones became an active composer and arranger, he spent decades performing as a soloist with various small groups. Jones spent his formative years in Pontiac, Michigan playing with the Arcadia Club Band, a family band formed by his uncle, where he worked alongside his brother Hank Jones. Jones continued to develop his skills as a musician at the acclaimed Bluebird Club in Detroit from 1952-1954, where he performed approximately six nights each week in the house band. The band included saxophonist Billy Mitchell, pianist/vibraphonist Terry Pollard (later replaced by Tommy Flanagan), bassist James “Beans” Richardson, and Jones’s younger brother Elvin Jones on drums.1 Jones’s two-year engagement at the Bluebird eventually led to his collaborations with artists such as Sonny Rollins, Thelonious Monk, Frank Wess, Sonny Stitt, Pepper Adams and Charles Mingus. 1 Mark Stryker, Jazz From Detroit (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2019), 160. The focus of this research document lies in the relationship of Jones’s improvised solos with his compositions and arrangements, and how his musical language is consistent between his writing and playing. Through the strategic analysis of several transcribed cornet, trumpet, and flugelhorn solos of Thad Jones, specific nuances in his improvisations can be directly related to his style and language as a big-band composer and arranger. Currently there are few sources that provide a detailed analysis specific to Jones as a jazz trumpet soloist and performer. This document will be beneficial to jazz students and scholars as it provides an understanding of how Jones developed his unique musical voice and how it continues to captivate audiences and listeners to this day. Through this research, jazz enthusiasts will discover the improvisational style of Thad Jones and learn how improvisation and composition are interconnected. This research examines the style, structure, and sound of jazz trumpeter Thad Jones between 1953-1986, the years Jones was most active as a performer and composer. Through the analysis of selected transcribed solos recorded by Jones in various small groups from the beginning to the end of his career, this study aims to discover the melodic, rhythmic, harmonic, and sound conception that can be ascribed to the jazz trumpeter. Thorough and detailed analyses of the transcriptions aim to unveil his talents as a jazz trumpeter that are often overshadowed by the fame he has earned as a writer and bandleader

An Investigation of Internalizing Social-Emotional Characteristics in a Sample of Lakota Sioux Children

It has only been recently that research in childhood psychopathology has focused on a group of disorders referred to as internalizing disorders. Internalizing disorders can include such problems as depression. anxiety, social withdrawal, and somatic complaints. Even though research has begun to focus on internalizing disorders with majority children. there has been very little research conducted on ethnic minority children, Native American children in particular. The present study involved obtaining a Native American sample and determining their internalizing symptomology utilizing the Internalizing Symptom Scale for Children (ISSC), the Reynolds Child Depression Scale (RCDS), and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (ST AIC). The study sample was compared to a matched normative sample from the ISSC database. Statistical procedures included bivariate correlations, analysis of variance (ANOV A), and discriminant function analysis. Correlations between the ISSC and the two comparison measures (RCDS and ST AIC) were in the expected direction and of moderate to strong magnitude. The total internalizing symptoms scores of the Native American (Lakota Sioux) sample were similar to those of a matched comparison group from the ISSC national normative database. However, the study sample evidenced a unique pattern of responses on the ISSC subscales, reporting lower rates of both internalizing distress and positive affect. Teacher nominations of potential internalizers proved to be a poor predictor of their self-reported symptoms. Implications of this study for clinical practice and future research directions in this area are discussed

Effects of Low-Level Caffeine Consumption on Long-term Memory Recall of Southern College Students

This study investigates the effects of low caffeine doses on long-term memory as indicated by performance on a multiple choice examination. It was hypothesized that 66 mg. of caffeine, in the form of a cola beverage, would negatively affect examination performance. Experimental subjects, 24 volunteer undergraduate students, were randomly divided into two groups and asked to drink 12-ounces of cola before beginning to study. After 24 hours, subjects completed a 30 question test on the material. A significant correlation between subject\u27s most recent caffeine consumption prior to the experiment and test results, and a non-significant inverse relationship between study time and test performance in the caffeine group were found. While the data generated by this study are inconclusive, several trends are identified for investigation by future research

Long Working Hours and Occupational Stress-related Illness and Injury: Mini Review

Workplace injuries and illnesses have been associated with long working hours. In the United States, working overtime has been on the rise. It is estimated that American workers spend an extra 1.5 hours per week at their job, and for those working in manufacturing-overtime has increased by 25% when compared to 10 years ago. Data suggests that working greater than 12 hours in a single day was associated with a 37% (95% CI=1.16–1.59) increase in hazard rate (HR), while working greater than 60 hour per week was associated with a 23% (95% CI=1.05–1.45) increase in HR. For those working overtime, there was a 61% (95% CI=1.43–1.79) increase in HR when compared to jobs without overtime. Long working hours carries a risk of 80% in developing Coronary Heart disease (CHD) (95% CI=1.42–2.29) after adjusting for age, sex and socioeconomic status. More stringent restrictions found a risk for CHD to be 59% (95% CI=1.23–2.07). There is little known on the effectiveness of strategies to address the association between long working hours and occupational stress-related injuries and illnesses. Prevention strategies should address all levels in the hierarchy including individual, organizational and policy levels. There is an urgency to support efforts that attempt to bring individuals, workplace and legislative policies together to understand the adverse effects of working long hours and collaboratively work towards a solution

Hydrodynamic Design of the Fastrac Turbopump

A 60,000 lb trust liquid Oxygen (LOX) and rocket propellant #1 (RP-1) rocket engine is being developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) as part of NASA's ongoing effort to lower the cost of access to space. The goal of the program is to demonstrate a low cost rocket engine with acceptable performance. In order to reduce design and development risk, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was used extensively in the design process, especially in the design of the turbopump. This paper documents the process used and significant results obtained during the design of the LOX and RP-1 pumps. This includes the design of the inlet manifolds, the integral inducer-impellers, the diffusers, and the collector volutes. The resulting designs incorporate low-cost design features while meeting the engine cycle requirements

Modifications of a Composite-Material Combustion Chamber

Two short reports discuss modifications of a small, lightweight combustion chamber that comprises a carbon/carbon composite outer shell and an iridium/ rhenium inner liner. The first report discusses chamber design modifications made as results of hot-fire tests and post-test characterization. The Books & Reports 32 NASA Tech Briefs, June 2005 modifications were intended to serve a variety of purposes, including improving fabrication, reducing thermal-expansion mismatch stresses, increasing strength-to-weight ratios of some components, and improving cooling of some components. The second report discusses (1) the origin of stress in the mismatch between the thermal expansions of the Ir/Re liner and a niobium sleeve and flange attached to the carbon/ carbon shell and (2) a modification intended to relieve the stress. The modification involves the redesign of an inlet connection to incorporate a compressible seal between the Ir/Re liner and the Nb flange. A nickel alloy was selected as the seal material on the basis of its thermal-expansion properties and its ability to withstand the anticipated stresses, including the greatest stresses caused by the high temperatures to be used in brazing during fabrication