Comparison of Compression Schemes for CLARA

CLARA (Compact Linear Advanced Research Accelerator)at Daresbury Laboratory is proposed to be the UK's national FEL test facility. The accelerator will be a ~250 MeV electron linac capable of producing short, high brightness electron bunches. The machine comprises a 2.5cell RF photocathode gun, one 2 m and three 5 m normal conducting S-band (2998MHz) accelerating structures and a variable magnetic compression chicane. CLARA will be used as a test bed for novel FEL configurations. We present a comparison of acceleration and compression schemes for the candidate machine layout.Comment: 3 pages, 5 figures, IPAC 201

Strategies for Competing in Future Tourism Markets

A key to the development of the travel and tourist industry is increasing efficiency. Efficiency will be directly related to increases in management know-how. Know-how will come in the form of new and better ways of stimulating innovation and creativity in the design of the industry\u27s products

Downhill Ski Market Development: An Uphill Battle

Canada\u27s ski industry has been facing flattening market demand and declining revenues and profitability for the past few years. In response, the Canadian Ski Council undertook a major research initiative to provide the market intelligence necessary to prepare a comprehensive and targeted marketing campaign. This study provides insights into the findings emanating from research on high potential non-skiers, and the ways in which the research was used to establish a nation-wide program designed to bring more skiers to the ski slopes

Polymer blend miscibility

A number of quasi-binary homopolymer blends have been investigated with regard to their miscibility. The blends consisted of poly(epichlorohydrin) (PEPC) mixed with a range of poly(methacrylate) polymers:- poly(methyl methacrylate); poly(ethoxyethyl methacrylate); poly(tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA). It was found that the state of mixing of the systems varied with the structure of the ester side chain, embracing a number of miscibility states. It has been postulated that the observed miscibility in the system PGMA/PEPC is due to the presence of a small specific interaction between the species. A second category of blend investigated comprised of a homopolymer (PEPC) and a random copolymer. In two cases the copolymers (styreneco- methacrylonitrile; methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylonitrile) were chosen such that the cohesive energy density of PEPC lay between those of the comonomers. This led to the observation of a number of miscibility states for the systems, depending upon the copolymer composition. Analysis of these systems and similar examples in the literature was conducted using the mean-field approach. A reasonable accord between theory and experiment was found when the role of both specific interactions and free-volume terms was negligible. A third type of copolymer (glycidyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) was found to be only partially miscible with PEPC. This was due to the small GMA/PEPC interaction and the tendency of the copolymer to diverge from the copolymerisation equation at high GMA concentrations. The experimental probe for miscibility has been the glass transition temperature. This was determined using Differential Thermal Analysis, Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis and to a lesser extent, Dielectric Relaxation. The phenomenon of partial miscibility, in which phase composition varies with overall blend composition, has been discussed. It has been postulated that this widely observed behaviour is due to a non-equilibrium phase separation process. The inadequacy of existing relationshi in describing the variation of the glass transition temperature of a miscible blend with composition has been highlighted. Furthermore, the importance of the transition width as an indicator of miscibility has been stressed

Recruitment and Retention Insights for the Hotel Industry

Recruiting talented managerial employees for the hotel industry is a constant challenge. Identifying and training supervisors and junior level managers for senior positions seems to be one solution. The authors explore the career influences confronting these individuals and make recommendations for recruitment and retention

Government Funding in Australian Independent Schools

This chapter gives a history of government funding of Australian independent schools with a focus on Seventh-day Adventist education identities. It covers the evolution of the methods of funding, the politics of funding, the controversies from interest groups on such funding, and Ellen White’s advice on receiving government funding for Adventist schools

Time-Series Analysis of Supergranule Characterstics at Solar Minimum

Sixty days of Doppler images from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) / Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) investigation during the 1996 and 2008 solar minima have been analyzed to show that certain supergranule characteristics (size, size range, and horizontal velocity) exhibit fluctuations of three to five days. Cross-correlating parameters showed a good, positive correlation between supergranulation size and size range, and a moderate, negative correlation between size range and velocity. The size and velocity do exhibit a moderate, negative correlation, but with a small time lag (less than 12 hours). Supergranule sizes during five days of co-temporal data from MDI and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) / Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) exhibit similar fluctuations with a high level of correlation between them. This verifies the solar origin of the fluctuations, which cannot be caused by instrumental artifacts according to these observations. Similar fluctuations are also observed in data simulations that model the evolution of the MDI Doppler pattern over a 60-day period. Correlations between the supergranule size and size range time-series derived from the simulated data are similar to those seen in MDI data. A simple toy-model using cumulative, uncorrelated exponential growth and decay patterns at random emergence times produces a time-series similar to the data simulations. The qualitative similarities between the simulated and the observed time-series suggest that the fluctuations arise from stochastic processes occurring within the solar convection zone. This behavior, propagating to surface manifestations of supergranulation, may assist our understanding of magnetic-field-line advection, evolution, and interaction

Properties of Supergranulation During the Solar Minima of Cycles 22/23 and 23/24

The solar minimum at the transition from cycle 23 to 24 was notable for its low level of activity and its extended duration. Among the various fields of study, the evolution of the solar convection zone may provide insight into the causes and consequences of this recent minimum. This study continues previous investigations of the characteristics of solar supergranulation, a convection component strongly linked to the structure of the magnetic field, namely the time-evolution of the global mean of supergranule cell size, determined from spectral analysis of MDI Dopplergrams from the two previous solar minima. Analyses of the global mean of supergranule sizes show a quasi-oscillatory nature to the evolution of this particular supergranule characteristic. Performing similar analyses on realistic, synthetic Doppler images show similar time-dependent characteristics. We conclude that the observed fluctuations are not observational artifacts, and that an underlying trend exists within the evolution of the supergranulation network

G-133: A soft x ray solar telescope

The GOLDHELOX Project, NASA payload number G-133, is a robotic soft x ray solar telescope designed and built by an organization of undergraduate students. The telescope is designed to observe the sun at a wavelength of 171 to 181 A. Since we require observations free from atmospheric interference, the telescope will be launched in a NASA Get-Away-Special (GAS) canister with a Motorized Door Assembly (MDA). In this paper we primarily discuss the most important elements of the telescope itself. We also elaborate on some of the technical difficulties associated with doing good science in space on a small budget (about $100,000) and mention ways in which controlling the instrument environment has reduced the complexity of the system and thus saved us money