XLV. Another method of measuring large molecular masses

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Optoelectronics in Scotland: network reconfiguration in a sectoral system of innovation.

Optoelectronics (or photonics) has developed as a significant enabling technology central to the operation of a wide range of artefacts evident in telecommunications, consumer electronics, medical devices and defence. Policy makers in several nation states and regions have been keen to develop capability in optoelectronics given that these technologies may be widely leveraged in such high-value sectors. The paper explains reasons for the emergence of optoelectronics activity in Scotland. A sectoral system of innovation approach is used to explain the activities of optoelectronics actors in Scotland. The Scottish optoelectronics sector has survived significant exogenous shocks and there is evidence of enduring local geographic connections within the network coupled with international interactions. Reactive and proactive strategies of firms and other actors within the cluster have enhanced articulation to international value chains of knowledge and technology production. As in many other locations with significant optoelectronics activity, Scottish firms tend to be geographically clustered. The use of value chain and industry architecture frameworks has been applied to the sectoral systems of innovation construct in order to bring additional explanatory power to the dynamics and power asymmetries in the cluster. Distinct patterns are evident between the set of firms which engage in final products (essentially acting as system integrators) positioned towards the end of the value chain, compared with the set of firms positioned earlier in the value chain (predominantly reflecting producers of materials and components). Firms positioned early in the value chain have experienced significant shake-out and attrition with survivors displaying dynamic capabilities as part of a network reconfiguration which maintains local interactions while permitting new non-local interactions

The cause of the Earth's magnetism

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Theography and postsecular politics in the geographies of postchristendom communities.

Studying the overlaps between religion and politics in human geography is no longer a niche pursuit. Now, a plethora of literature in the discipline covers various facets of the topic, analysing the role of religion in contexts ranging from welfare contracts to geopolitical imaginations. Furthermore, investigating the religion/politics interface has been enhanced in recent years by increasing theoretical innovation in religious geography, incorporating poststructural epistemologies into the subdiscipline. This shift has directed geographers to the fluid construction of practices and places through the everyday lives of religious subjects and communities. Despite these developments, I argue that studies at the religion/politics interface still lack an epistemology that can adequately comprehend emerging empirical work in geography and associated disciplines that highlights the blurring of religious praxis into activism. Geographers have rarely represented the mechanisms that produce the heterogeneity of religious involvement in politics, putting the new poststructural epistemologies in the subdiscipline to work by categorising religious subjects and communities as homogeneously progressive or regressive, or focussing instead on the affective atmospheres and internal dynamics of faith communities. In this thesis I argue that in order to understand religious involvement in activism, geographers of religion need to begin to blend poststructural epistemologies that attend to the everyday fluidity of religion with epistemological work on networks in activist geographies. This is necessary work because these two realms are beginning to intermingle on the ground, consequently highlighting the production of religious subjectivities between religious and activist practices. In response to this gap between theory and empirics, I turn my attention to faith communities that embody elements of a postchristendom ethos, flattening religious hierarchies, welcoming difference, and engaging beyond themselves through social justice activism. By addressing this context I can underscore the knowledges that geographies of the religion/politics interface have missed so far, examining the multiple factors at play in the formation of faith community raison d’êtres, the accommodation of difference in faith communities, and how religious subjects negotiate their praxis between religious and activist spaces. By drawing attention to these issues and developing an epistemology to deal with them, this thesis develops more nuanced ways of producing knowledge about religious subjectivities and communities as they relate to activism

Combined Magnetization of Magnetic Materials

Abstract Not Provided