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Publication rates on the topic of racial and ethnic diversity in dermatology versus other specialties
Background: The population of the U.S. is becoming more diverse every year. The field of dermatology is not following the same trend. Objective: To assess the promotion of diversity in the field of dermatology by analyzing publications focused on diversity, compared to other specialties. Methods: The PubMed database was systematically searched to identify publications focused on diversity from January 2008 to July 2019. The search criteria were as follows: dermatology/radiology/ophthalmology/ anesthesiology/orthopedic surgery/family medicine/ internal medicine/general surgery AND diversity/ diverse/racial/race/ethnic/ethnicity/cultural/culture/competency/competence. Comparisons were made using single-factor ANOVA and two-group t-tests. A qualitative analysis was performed for publications in the field of dermatology. Results: From January 2016 to July 2019, there were 25 publications focused on diversity in dermatology (Mean=6.25, SD=2.06), compared to 6 in radiology (Mean=1.50, SD=1.29, P=0.01), two in ophthalmology (Mean=0.50, SD=0.58, P=0.01), two in anesthesiology (Mean=0.50, SD=1.00, P=0.01), 12 in orthopedic surgery (Mean=3.00, SD=1.41, P=0.04), 23 in family medicine (Mean=5.75, SD=2.22, P=0.75), 9 in internal medicine (Mean=2.25, SD=1.71, P=0.02), and 7 in general surgery (Mean=1.75, SD=0.50, P=0.02). Conclusions: Although the field of dermatology has suffered from a lack of racial/ethnic diversity, efforts to promote diversity via increased publications in the last four years have been stronger in dermatology compared to many other fields
Testing the Unitarity of the CKM Matrix with a Space-Based Neutron Decay Experiment
If the Standard Model is correct, and fundamental fermions exist only in the
three generations, then the CKM matrix should be unitary. However, there
remains a question over a deviation from unitarity from the value of the
neutron lifetime. We discuss a simple space-based experiment that, at an orbit
height of 500 km above Earth, would measure the kinetic-energy, solid-angle,
flux spectrum of gravitationally bound neutrons (kinetic energy K<0.606 eV at
this altitude). The difference between the energy spectrum of neutrons that
come up from the Earth's atmosphere and that of the undecayed neutrons that
return back down to the Earth would yield a measurement of the neutron
lifetime. This measurement would be free of the systematics of laboratory
experiments. A package of mass kg could provide a 10^{-3} precision in
two years.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. Revised and updated for publicatio
Modeling H2 Fluorescence in Planetary Atmospheres with Partial Frequency Redistribution
We present the modeling of partial frequency redistribution (PRD) effects for
the fluorescent emission lines of molecular hydrogen, the general computational
approximations, and the applications to planetary atmospheres, as well as
interstellar medium. Our model is applied to FUSE observations of Jupiter,
Saturn, and reflection nebulae, allowing an independent confirmation of the H2
abundance and the structure of planetary atmospheres.Comment: To appear in Proc. Future Directions in Ultraviolet Spectroscopy,
Annapolis, Oct. 20-22 200
Equatorial locations of water on Mars: Improved resolution maps based on Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer data
We present a map of the near subsurface hydrogen distribution on Mars, based on epithermal neutron data from the Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer. The mapâs spatial resolution is approximately improved two-fold via a new form of the pixon image reconstruction technique. We discover hydrogen-rich mineralogy far from the poles, including âŻâŒ10âŻwt.% water equivalent hydrogen (WEH) on the flanks of the Tharsis Montes and âŻ>40âŻwt.% WEH at the Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF). The high WEH abundance at the MFF implies the presence of bulk water ice. This supports the hypothesis of recent periods of high orbital obliquity during which water ice was stable on the surface. We find the young undivided channel system material in southern Elysium Planitia to be distinct from its surroundings and exceptionally dry; there is no evidence of hydration at the location in Elysium Planitia suggested to contain a buried water ice sea. Finally, we find that the sites of recurring slope lineae (RSL) do not correlate with subsurface hydration. This implies that RSL are not fed by large, near-subsurface aquifers, but are instead the result of either small (âŻ<âŻ120 km diameter) aquifers, deliquescence of perchlorate and chlorate salts or dry, granular flows
Characterization of the nighttime lowâlatitude water ice deposits in the NASA Ames Mars General Circulation Model 2.1 under presentâday atmospheric conditions
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94673/1/jgre2617.pd
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