Such Damages as Are Just: A Proposal for More Realistic Compensation in Wrongful Death Cases

Damages for Wrongful Deat

An integrated Rotorcraft Avionics/Controls Architecture to support advanced controls and low-altitude guidance flight research

Salient design features of a new NASA/Army research rotorcraft--the Rotorcraft-Aircrew Systems Concepts Airborne Laboratory (RASCAL) are described. Using a UH-60A Black Hawk helicopter as a baseline vehicle, the RASCAL will be a flying laboratory capable of supporting the research requirements of major NASA and Army guidance, control, and display research programs. The paper describes the research facility requirements of these programs together with other critical constraints on the design of the research system. Research program schedules demand a phased development approach, wherein specific research capability milestones are met and flight research projects are flown throughout the complete development cycle of the RASCAL. This development approach is summarized, and selected features of the research system are described. The research system includes a real-time obstacle detection and avoidance system which will generate low-altitude guidance commands to the pilot on a wide field-of-view, color helmet-mounted display and a full-authority, programmable, fault-tolerant/fail-safe, fly-by-wire flight control system

Catastrophic vs Gradual Collapse of Thin-Walled Nanocrystalline Ni Hollow Cylinders As Building Blocks of Microlattice Structures

Lightweight yet stiff and strong lattice structures are attractive for various engineering applications, such as cores of sandwich shells and components designed for impact mitigation. Recent breakthroughs in manufacturing enable efficient fabrication of hierarchically architected microlattices, with dimensional control spanning seven orders of magnitude in length scale. These materials have the potential to exploit desirable nanoscale-size effects in a macroscopic structure, as long as their mechanical behavior at each appropriate scale – nano, micro, and macro levels – is properly understood. In this letter, we report the nanomechanical response of individual microlattice members. We show that hollow nanocrystalline Ni cylinders differing only in wall thicknesses, 500 and 150 nm, exhibit strikingly different collapse modes: the 500 nm sample collapses in a brittle manner, via a single strain burst, while the 150 nm sample shows a gradual collapse, via a series of small and discrete strain bursts. Further, compressive strength in 150 nm sample is 99.2% lower than predicted by shell buckling theory, likely due to localized buckling and fracture events observed during in situ compression experiments. We attribute this difference to the size-induced transition in deformation behavior, unique to nanoscale, and discuss it in the framework of “size effects” in crystalline strength

Is There a Center to American Religious History?

Is there a center to American religious history? Of course, this question grows out of what David Wills has referred to as “the perennial debate that always seems to hold center stage as the Big Issue in the field ... [that is,] the ongoing quarrel between those who center their stories on the culturally formative role of a dominant Protestantism and those who emphasize the countervailing forces of religious pluralism and toleration.” As I take the question, Is there some sort of center to American religion – dominant Protestantism or otherwise – that enables us to tell the story of American religion in a coherent and comprehensive historical narrative? Put another way – and I do think that these two questions are linked – Is the best metaphor to explain the history of American religion one that involves a “center

Metaphors in Makah Neologisms

Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1980), pp. 166-17

Metastatic seminoma and grade 1 follicular lymphoma presenting concurrently in a supraclavicular lymph node: a case report

An asymptomatic 67-year-old man presented with a left supraclavicular lymph node that enlarged over a 2-month period which was biopsied. Pathologic features were consistent with involvement by metastatic seminoma and follicular lymphoma, follicular pattern, grade 1 (of 3). Staging Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography scans indicated several areas of enlarged lymph nodes. The patient completed chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy. This is the first reported case of metastatic seminoma and follicular lymphoma occurring in the same lymph node. No obvious pathophysiologic link exists between these two malignancies and there are no shared common risk factors. Given the natural history of these two malignancies, if this patient develops recurrent lymphadenopathy, it will be difficult to identify whether the enlarged lymph nodes represent recurrent seminoma or follicular lymphoma without a biopsy of each pathologically enlarged node. Similarly, Fluorodeoxyglucose- Positron Emission Tomography is known to be active in both seminoma and follicular lymphoma, making this scan non-specific in this patient. Finally, this patient had no baseline elevation in any germ cell tumor marker. Thus, serum tumor markers cannot be relied upon as surrogates for response to chemotherapy or as identifiers of relapsed seminoma

TFAP2C regulates transcription in human naive pluripotency by opening enhancers.

Naive and primed pluripotent human embryonic stem cells bear transcriptional similarity to pre- and post-implantation epiblast and thus constitute a developmental model for understanding the pluripotent stages in human embryo development. To identify new transcription factors that differentially regulate the unique pluripotent stages, we mapped open chromatin using ATAC-seq and found enrichment of the activator protein-2 (AP2) transcription factor binding motif at naive-specific open chromatin. We determined that the AP2 family member TFAP2C is upregulated during primed to naive reversion and becomes widespread at naive-specific enhancers. TFAP2C functions to maintain pluripotency and repress neuroectodermal differentiation during the transition from primed to naive by facilitating the opening of enhancers proximal to pluripotency factors. Additionally, we identify a previously undiscovered naive-specific POU5F1 (OCT4) enhancer enriched for TFAP2C binding. Taken together, TFAP2C establishes and maintains naive human pluripotency and regulates OCT4 expression by mechanisms that are distinct from mouse

Tratamento cirúrgico funcional da dor

Many functional neurocirurgical procedures are useful in patients with muscleskeletal pains. The surgical descompression of roots or nerve trunks are indicated in cases of stenosis of the pathways of these structures due to inflammatory, degenerative or oncologic lesions fractures or bone deformities or oncologic lesions. Sympatectomies are not very effective in cases of tipe II complex regional pain syndromes; facet rhyzotomies are efficient in cases of cervicalgia, dorsalgia and lombalgia due to myofascial pain syndromes, thermal disc nucleolysis are efficient in cases of lombalgia due to discal pains; DREZ is usefful in the treatment of neuropathic pain and spasticity; esencephalotomies, thalamotomies and psychosurgeries are efficient in difficult cases. Endocrinological ablative procedures including hypophisectomies are efficient in cases of bone pains resulting from secondaries of prostate, breast and endometrium. Except for post-laminectomy or neuropatic pain, the stimulation of the central nervous stystem is not appropriate for the treatment of muscleskeletal pain. The infusion of morphine is a very effective method for the treatment of the majority of muscle skeletal conditions.Vários são os procedimentos cirúrgicos funcionais destinados ao tratamento da dor resultante de afecções músculoesqueléticas. A descompressão de estruturas nervosas tronculares ou radiculares angustiadas em decorrência de afecções inflamatórias, degenerativas, oncológicas, deformidades ósseas ou fraturas do aparelho locomotor pode proporcionar alívio de dores neuropáticas. Os procedimentos neurocirúrgicos funcionais ablativos são indicados em casos de dor por nocicepção, cuja indicação é restrita a doentes que apresentem perspectivas de sobrevida prolongada. A simpatectomia é pouco eficaz em casos de síndrome complexa de dor regional do tipo II; as neurotomias dos ramos recorrentes posteriores das raízes espinais são úteis no tratamento da cervicalgia, dorsalgia elombalgia de natureza miofascial; a lesão do trato de Lissauer é indicada em casos de dor neruropática e de espasticidade; a mesencefalotomia, as talamotomias e a psicocirurgia são indicadas em casos rebeldes aos tratamentos convencionais. As cordotomias, as rizotomias e as mielopatias não são indicadas em doentes com dor músculo-esquelética. Os procedimentos endocrinológicos incluindo a hipofisectomia são úteis no tratamento da dor decorrente de metástases ósseas especialmente do carcinoma de mama, próstata ou endométrio. A estimulação elétrica do sistema nervoso central geralmente não proporciona alívio nos doentes que apresentam dormúsculo-esquelética, exceto, em casos de síndrome pós-laminectomia. A infusão de fármacos analgésicos no compartimento espinal ou no compartimento ventricular é eficaz no tratamento da maioria dos casos

Princípios gerais de tratamento da dor músculo-esquelética

The many dimentions of pain should be evaluated and treated. The treatment of pain is based in the elimination ofits causes, and in the use of pharmacological agents, physical medicine, psychotherapy, anesthetic blocks and functional neurosurgical procedures. The methods should be safe, low cost and efficacious. The pharmachological treatment is based in the use of antiinflammatory drugs, opioids, psychotropics, miorrelaxants, anticonvulsants or noradrenergic and serotoninergic modulators. Physical medicine is necessary in almost all cases of muscle skeletal pain patienrts. Trigger points infiltration is an important adjuvant procedure for physical medicine treatment. The coagulation of the recurrent branches of spinal roots by radiofrequency and of the intervertebral disks are efficient in the treatment of low back pain and the implantation of pumps for spinal infusion ofanalgesics is efficient in the treatment of many muscle skeletal pains.A dor apresenta várias dimensões que devem ser avaliadas e normalizadas quando se objetiva seu controle. O tratamento da dor deve ser fundamentado na eliminação dos fatores causais e, quando necessário, no uso de procedimentos analgésicos farmacológicos, medicina física, procedimentos psicocomportamentais, procedimentos neuroanestésicos e ou neurocirúrgicos funcionais. As medidas devem ser simples, seguras, de baixo custo operacional e accessíveis. O tratamento farmacológico consiste no uso de analgésicos antiinflamatórios não hormonais, analgésicos opióides e medicação adjuvantes representada por antidepressivos tricíclicos, neurolépticos, anticonvulsivantes, corticosteróides, moduladores da atividade adrenérgica e serotoninérgica, miorrelaxantes etc. Dentre esses, os agentes analgésicos antiinflamatórios e os opióides associados aos psicotrópicos e miorrelaxantes são os mais empregados no tratamento da dor músculo-esquelética. Procedimentos de medicina física são necessários no tratamento da grande maioria das afecções álgicas músculo-esqueléticas. As infiltrações dos pontos gatilhos são procedimentos bastante úteis no tratamento da síndrome dolorosa miofascial. A descompressão de estruturas neurais, o implante de sistemas para a infusão de medicação analgésica no sistema nervoso central, a lesão por radiofreqüência, dos nervos recorrentes posteriores e a coagulação do disco intervertebral são indicados em casos rebeldes