An Economic Instrument to Address Beach Wrack

ObjectivesThis article introduces a practical, economic instrument based on the Naturally Optimised Revenue Demand in Communities, the NORDIC model, to improve the management of beach wrack. Tourism is an important sector in a country’s or region’s economy, as it generates employment and business opportunities. Verifiably, sandy shorelines have served as areas for amusement and as attractions upon which tourism advancement has been based. The accumulations of beach wrack result in a significant decrease in the recreational value of a coastal area. The decomposition of beach wrack emits an unpleasant odor, as it releases essential nitrate, phosphate and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In this investigation, we provide coastal communities with a powerful tool to address the harmful damage inflicted on their beaches, by marine biomass mounds.MethodsWe adapted the NORDIC model and used a case study to illustrate how the adapted NORDIC model could alleviate the municipalities’ burden, caused by beach wrack.ResultsThe application of a versatile tool, the NORDIC model, by various managers in manage and promote a sustainable use of beach wrack would boost the tourism industry in coastal areas.ConclusionsWe recommend the application of the NORDIC model to beach wrack management in general, and in particular to the tourism sector, to enhance the economic value of attractive shores. Future research should focus on developing additional algorithms for valuation of specific kinds of beach wrack

A book about professor number 7 in Kalmar : William ”Wille” Hogland

As a professor of Environmental Engineering and Recycling, my field of activityis global. Even during my studies, I worked internationally, in Algeria. I have done research mainly on water and waste management in urban/rural areas and industries, for technical and practical development, and use in society. In 1997 I established the international conference Linnaeus Eco-tech, which originally focused on the countries around the Baltic Sea but now also counts participants from many countries outside the Baltic region and other parts ofthe worlds. Together with researchers from St. Petersburg State Technical University, we sat up the youth international conference Eco-Baltica, running since 1996. I have seen my work as peacekeeping which I still do. The Baltic Sea, in the20th century once a sea of war, I still hope now can be the place where former enemies cooperate for peaceful purposes. Emissions and gases don’t stop at borders, but with concerted efforts, much good can be done. Among all the countries in the world where I have worked is my second home Brazil, where I am linked both for research reasons and by personal ties. The boy from the little village Trekanten now has the world as his field of work

Formation and properties of sediments in constructed wetlands for treatment of domestic wastewater

Sediments formation and biogeochemical properties were studied in an experimental constructed wetland site in Ukraine (Bioplato) for treatment of domestic effluents. The wetland, with a capacity of 50m(3) d(-1) of wastewater, consists of vertical and horizontal filtrations units with fine gravel, middle and coarse sand, a subsurface flow unit with natural wetland soil applied, and a septic tank and sludge-drying field. Macrophytes, reed (Phragmites australis), cattail (Typha latifolia) and a number of sedge species (Carex spp.) were planted in the area and dominate the average cover of 85-90%. Treatment efficiency for BOD5 and suspended solids was 93-96%, for COD - 82%, for nutrients - 27-50%, and for pathogenic microorganisms 99.3-99.6%. Sludge was sampled at each unit followed by standard laboratory analyses of its main characteristics: total organic carbon (TOC), total nutrients (N, P), contents of trace elements, abundance of pathogenic microorganisms, and general toxicity. Results confirmed that the top layer of sludge from each unit of wetland could be used as a source of fertilizers for grain and leguminous crops

Optimization of mining by application of the equality principle

This paper shows how the equality principle can be applied to traditional mining activities as a theoretical economic basis for "environmentally friendly" waste management of natural resources. A cost structure is proposed to generally improve the exploitation of the natural resources and save energy due to the promotion of corporate economic incentives to a more cost-effective waste management related to these resources. The methodology proposed is based on the cost-benefit analysis concept. It employs the previously introduced equality principle and the model for Efficient Use of Resources for Optimal Production Economy (EUROPE) featuring shadow prices so as to optimize the mining slope and the ore-concentration when utilizing the resources of the rock and provide management with a one digit indicator of the performance of a certain mining activity to get in just once glance an instant comprehension of their mine's overall performance. This approach simultaneously improves the profitability, the technology used and the environment. A case study presents the practical application of the proposed theory on a Swedish copper mine. It is concluded that the presented methodology improves the exploitation of natural resources in mainly technological, economical and environmental terms. The methods that are developed are regarded as being suitable information support tools for decision-making in waste management and optimization of the exploitation of natural resources in the corporate and public context.

ESTIMATION OF QUALITY AND POLLUTION LOAD OF COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW DISCHARGE.

The relative effect of combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharge into receiving waters has increased during the last decades due to improved efficiency at treatment plants. In association with the rapid urbanization in the sixties and early seventies, new areas were connected to old sewer networks with limited capacity, leading to an increase in overflow volumes and, thus to an increase in pollution load. In order to develop a responsible urban water quality management policy we must be able to describe CSO in terms of quality and quantity. To elucidate such problems extensive measurements were carried out in the city of Malmo with quality sampling and simultaneous flow measurements. This paper presents different aspects on the quality of CSO discharge and different available methods for calculation of the pollution load