Effects of Submergence in Montana Flumes

As part of a continued research project for the Utah Water Research Laboratory and the State of Utah, a study of flow measurement devices is being conducted throughout the state. Initially the project included only measurement devices associated with high-risk dams, but has since been broadened to any measurement structure of interest for water users in the state. The physical dimensions, relative elevations, and flow accuracy were documented for each included device. After visiting sixteen sites, it was found that fourteen of the measuring devices had incorrect geometries. Of these fourteen, thirteen of them were originally Parshall flumes. A large percentage of Parshall flumes with geometry inaccuracies was also found from previous data collected for this project. One reoccurring issue was that the flumes had not been well maintained and had damage to the walls or floor. Some of these Parshall flumes did not have a diverging downstream section and are referred to as Montana flumes. In these cases, a standard Parshall rating curve was used to determine flow where it did not apply. Some of the flumes that were tested operated regularly under submerged conditions, and no adjustments were made for submergence. The objective of this research is to determine if Montana flumes (Parshall flumes without a diverging section) operate similarly to fully constructed Parshall flumes under both free-flow and submerged conditions. Laboratory tests were performed in the Utah Water Research Laboratory to determine corrections for submergence. Flow 3D, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software program, was also used to develop corrections for a submerged Montana flume. The laboratory results were compared to the computational fluid dynamics results. By using Flow 3D, a reliable numerical process was developed to determine the flow rate in a submerged Montana flume in an effort to expand the results to other seized flumes

Event risk covenants

Merger and acquisition activities can have a strong impact on the capital structure of the companies involved and therefore on the value of debt. This paper discusses the role of covenants within debt contracts. Using the Real Option approach to quantify the implications of covenants on the value of the company, it can be shown that covenants do not necessarily reduce the risk of debt lender. The value of the company is determined by assets in place and management decisions in the future. Any limitation of the management might reduce the value of the company and therefore the value of debt. --

Montana Flume Flow Corrections Under Submerged Flow

A Montana flume is a Parshall flume without a diverging downstream section and is used to measure open channel flow. Under free-flow conditions, the Parshall flume and the Montana flume have the same calibration characteristics, but under submerge flows, their calibrations significantly differ. Tests were conducted at the Utah Water Research Laboratory on an acrylic 15.2-cm (6-in.) Montana flume to determine the effects of submergence on the flow readings. This type of investigation has not been previously analyzed. It was found that a standard Parshall flume rating curve overpredicted flow rates in the submerged Montana flume, up to 48%. Parshall submergence corrections were applied to the submerged Montana flume, and flow rates were underpredicted by up to 19%. This study has developed submerged flow rate correction factors specifically for a Montana flume, and the paper also demonstrates how to apply the corrections

A landscape of school

Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersAufgabe ist eine Grundschule in Landeck, Tirol neu zu planen. Eine Landschaft der Schule schlängelt sich durch den Campus, ein Innen und Außen verschmelzen miteinander. Nicht nur das Gebäude und Drumherum werden als Landschaft wahrgenommen, auch eine völlig neu kreierte räumliche Auseinandersetzung der Lernlandschaft unterstreicht das gesetzte Thema. Durch Einbinden von neu geschaffenen Bäumen werden die bestehenden Bäume am Gelände aufgestockt und diese Bäume übernehmen auch die tragende Funktion für das Gebäude. Die Schule dient ebenfalls zur vermehrten Einbindung der Gemeinde und bietet unterschiedliche Funktionen an, mit unter können hier Workshops stattfinden oder Räumlichkeiten für alle Bewohner der Stadt mitbenützt werden. Zu Beginn der Arbeit wurde auch ein Beteiligungsprozess durchgeführt, welcher die Wünsche und Bedürfnisse der späteren Nutzer aufzeigt, diese Ideen und Vorschläge der Kinder und Lehrer haben den Entwurf mit beeinflusst.The job is to plan a new elementary school in Landeck, Tyrol. A landscape of school sneaks itself trough the campus, the Inside and the Outside merge with each other. The scenery get not only its appearance from the building and the whole surrounding, the item landscape is underlined by an absolutely new creation of a learning landscape, too. There are no conservative classrooms and chambers anymore. The existing trees in the area are increased by integrating of new trees and these trees also take over the loadbearing function for the building. The school should also work as an integration of the common and offers different functions, like workshops or rooms for using by all inhabitants of the town. At the beginning of the work a participation process was also carried out which indicates the wishes and needs of the later users, these ideas and proposals of the children and teachers have influenced the draught, too.8

Creation and image impact of sustainable marketing events in the sports industry : a qualitative study using the example of the SportScheck RUN in Munich

Das Ziel der Arbeit besteht darin, die Gestaltung und Imagewirkung nachhaltiger Marketing Events in der Sportbranche zu untersuchen. Die Erlebnisorientierung der Gesellschaft und die wachsende Bedeutung Nachhaltiger Entwicklung unterstreichen die Relevanz des Themas. Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, wurde eine qualitative Analyse durchgeführt. Dabei wurden zunächst neun Handlungsfelder erarbeitet, die auf der Basis verschiedener Perspektiven und Quellen abgeleitet wurden. Nachdem die Gestaltungskriterien analysiert wurden, wurden verschiedene Modelle und Ansätze zur Imagewirkung und Einstellungsmessung vorgestellt und diskutiert. Auf Basis der Theorie wurde schließlich ein eigenes Modell zur Imagewirkung nachhaltiger Marketing Events in der Sportbranche entwickelt. Um den Praxisbezug zu demonstrieren, wurde das Modell am Beispiel des SportScheck RUNs in München angewandt. Auf Basis der erarbeiteten Handlungsfelder wurden schließlich noch konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen in Form von Einzel-Maßnahmen konzipiert. Durch das Vorgehen sollen wertvolle Erkenntnisse für die Eventforschung erzielt werden und Nachhaltige Entwicklung in der Eventpraxis etabliert werden

Using Numerical Modeling to Correct Flow Rates for Submerged Montana Flumes

A Parshall flume is a common device for measuring open-channel flows. Some Parshall flumes, however, have been modified or constructed without a downstream diverging section. A Parshall flume that does not have its divergent section is known as a Montana flume. Both physical modeling and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), or numerical modeling, have been utilized to assess the accuracy of and calibrate Montana flumes. Montana flumes under free-flow conditions operate similarly to Parshall flumes and, therefore, share the same rating curves. However, Montana flumes that operate under submerged conditions can deviate by as much as 15% from equations used to correct the submerged Parshall flume flow rate. The research summarized in this paper illustrates comparable results between numerical and physical modeling tests performed on a 6-in. (15.2-cm) submerged Montana flume. In addition, with the numerical model calibrated to the physical model, the same numerical procedure is used to expand testing to other sized Montana flumes under submergence. Accordingly, nine sizes of Montana flumes are numerically simulated between 6 in. (15.2 cm) and 8 ft (2.44 m). Subsequently, correction factors are created in each case for each Montana flume under submerged conditions and the application of the factors is demonstrated. Read More: http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.000057