Zur Lehrer/innen-Erfahrung von Lehramts-Studierenden

In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer Erhebung zur eigenen Lehrer/innen-Erfahrung von Lehramtsstudierenden wiedergegeben. Insbesondere wurde untersucht, welche Persönlichkeitscharakteristika (Eigenschaften) jeweils die beliebteste bzw. unbeliebteste Lehrperson der eigenen Schulzeit hatte und welche Haupteigenschaften sich die zukünftigen Lehrer/innen als erstrebenswert vorstellen. Es werden Zusammenhänge aufgedeckt, die zwischen diesen beiden Bereichen bestehen. Zudem wurde nach entsprechenden Unterschieden zwischen den Studierenden unterschiedlicher Lehrämter, Studentinnen und Studenten sowie Lehrer/innen gefragt. (DIPF/Orig.)The authors present the results of a survey on how students of the teaching profession experienced their own former teachers. Special emphasis was placed on the personality features (qualities) evient in those teachers that were most liked or disliked respectively by the students during their own school days and on which personal qualities the future teachers thought worth striving for. It was shown that these two spheres are in fact interconnected. Furthermore, the corresponding differences between students preparing for different school levels, between male and female students, as well as between male and female teachers were examined. (DIPF/Orig.

Optimierte Positionierung zentraler Venenkatheter mit Hilfe der EKG-Methode: Geschichte - Hintergründe - neue Erkenntnisse zu einer alten Methode

Die EKG-Methode zur Positionierung zentralvenöser Katheter (ZVKs) ist eine – zumindest in Deutschland – gängige Praxis, die auch als alleiniges Kontrollverfahren (außer bei Punktionen der Vena subclavia) juristischen Ansprüchen genügt. In der Praxis fällt auf, dass linksseitige ZVKs, die mit dieser Methode platziert wurden, häufig eine eingeschränkte Funktion aufweisen und darüber hinaus oft einen kritischen Winkel von über 40° mit der lateralen Wand der Vena cava superior bilden. In den folgenden Studien wurde dieses bislang nicht beschriebene Phänomen systematisch an Leichen, Schweinen und kardiochirugischen Patienten untersucht. Mit Hilfe der transösophagealen Echokardiographie stellten wir fest, dass die bisherigen Interpretationen der EKG-Kurven in Bezug auf ihre anatomische Zuordnung falsch sind. Aufgrund der korrigierten Zuordnung der EKG-Signale konnten wir eine Methode entwickeln, die es erlaubt, einen ZVK mit seiner Spitze genau am Übergang von der Vena cava superior zum rechter Vorhof zu positionieren, wo eine zuverlässige Katheterfunktion garantiert ist

Electronic Correlations in Vanadium Revealed by Electron-Positron Annihilation Measurements

The electronic structure of vanadium measured by Angular Correlation of electron-positron Annihilation Radiation (ACAR) is compared with the predictions of the combined Density Functional and Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (DMFT). Reconstructing the momentum density from five 2D projections we were able to determine the full Fermi surface and found excellent agreement with the DMFT calculations. In particular, we show that the local, dynamic self-energy corrections contribute to the anisotropy of the momentum density and need to be included to explain the experimental results

Salvage surgery for continent ileostomies (CI) after a first successful revision: more long-term blame on the reservoir than the nipple valve

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the underlying cause of long-term complications in patients requiring at least one revision surgery of a continent ileostomy (CI) and to analyze functional outcome. Methods Only patients with CI at least one revision were included in the retrospective data analysis. Four different classes of complications (Cl A–D) were defined: Cl A = Nipple valve (NV), Cl B = pouch, Cl C = outlet (stoma), and Cl D = afferent loop (AL). Associations between underlying disease and origin of complications were analyzed. Cumulative probabilities were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results A total of 77 patients were identified with a follow-up of 30 years, requiring 133 surgeries for 148 complications (c.). Cl A 49 c. (33.1%), Cl B 50 c. (33.8%), Cl C 39 c. (26.4%), and Cl D 10 c. (6.8%). Cl A and C complications were not correlated to underlying disease, whereas Cl B and D complications were only found in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The cumulative probability of a second revision showed a linear rise, reaching 62.5% after 20 years. Cl A and B complications both reached 42.1%. Eleven (14.3%) patients (10 Cl B) had pouch failure in a follow-up period of 11.5 ± 8.7 years (1–31 years), whereas 66 (85.7%) had successful revisional surgery. Overall CI survival was 78.8% at 44 years. Conclusion CI survival is limited by inflammatory complications of the pouch based on the underlying disease and not by mechanical limitations of the NV

Cyclo19,31[D-Cys19]-uPA19-31 is a potent competitive antagonist of the interaction of urokinase-type plasminogen activator with its receptor (CD87)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) represents a central molecule in pericellular proteolysis and is implicated in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes such as tissue remodelling, wound healing, tumor invasion, and metastasis. uPA binds with high affinity to a specific cell surface receptor, uPAR (CD87), via a well defined sequence within the N-terminal region of uPA (uPA(19-31)). This interaction directs the proteolytic activity of uPA to the cell surface which represents an important step in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Due to its fundamental role in these processes, the uPA/uPAR-system has emerged as a novel target for tumor therapy. Previously, we have identified a synthetic, cyclic, uPA-derived peptide, cyclo(19,31)uPA(19-31), as a lead structure for the development of low molecular weight uPA-analogues, capable of blocking uPA/uPAR-interaction {[}Burgle et al., Biol. Chem. 378 (1997), 231-237]. We now searched for peptide variants of cyclo(19,31)uPA(19-31) with elevated affinities for uPAR binding. Among other tasks, we performed a systematic D-amino acid scan of quPA(19-31), in which each of the 13 L-amino acids was individually substituted by the corresponding D-amino acid. This led to the identification of cyclo(19,31) {[}D-Cys(19)]-uPA(19-31) as a potent inhibitor of uPA/uPAR-interaction, displaying only a 20 to 40-fold lower binding capacity as compared to the naturally occurring uPAR-ligands uPA and its amino-terminal fragment. Cyclo(19,31)[D-Cys(19)]-uPA(19-31) not only blocks binding of uPA to uPAR but is also capable of efficiently displacing uPAR-bound uPA from the cell surface and to inhibit uPA-mediated, tumor cell-associated plasminogen activation and fibrin degradation. Thus, cyclo(19,31)[D-Cys(19)]-uPA(19-31) represents a promising therapeutic agent to significantly affect the tumor-associated uPA/uPAR-system