These inadvertent marks

These Inadvertent Marks is a photographic investigation of scuffs, stains, residue, scratches, holes, and blemishes as a complex set of inadvertent marks which possess an inextricable relationship to the human intention to find and make meaning in the world. Excluding marks that are clearly the result of highly substantial accidents, I look to consider those which are largely deemed trivial and peripheral as a means of renewing perception and surrendering to the unconsidered. The photographs included are the result of a process of discovery and close consideration through wandering in my local surroundings: urban streets, private homes, airports, bathrooms, alleys, and storefronts. These spaces, frequented by people, are full of inadvertent marks which are the byproduct of our intentions. Catalyzed by existential boredom as a mood that compresses perceptual discrimination, my examination considers these marks as signs that invite interpretations of past actions and human imprecision. This artistic and theoretical inquiry revolves around themes of the semiotic, autonomous, contingent, and meaningful status of these marks as they obstinately stand against the human desire for cleanliness, inerrancy, and a visual cohesion of surfaces; it asks questions of the constitution of signs, establishment of meaning, excess of intentions, and interpretive instability

An Assessment of Disinfection-Related Water Chemistry at Public Pools and Spas in Louisville, Kentucky

The growth in the number of pools to more than 7.4 million in the U.S. has been accompanied by a rise in recreational water illnesses (RWIs). Effective pool management, though, can mitigate RWI risks. Inadequate management presumably occurs more frequently where training is less formalized and/or pool operation is a minor aspect of the job of the responsible pool manager(s). During summer 2018, weekly evaluations were performed at public venues in Louisville, Kentucky. Disinfectant levels and other items were monitored and compared with venue-specific (pool or spa) criteria. Among 1,312 venue surveys, 1,173 (89.4%) met criteria and 139 (10.6%) did not meet criteria. Overall, multivariable logistic regression showed a significant association between the likelihood of a venue meeting criteria and setting type. Specifically, hotels had 120% increased odds of not meeting criteria (adjusted odds ratio = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [1.3, 3.8]) compared with other settings. Despite spas having an 80% elevated odds of not meeting criteria compared with pools in a univariate analysis, upon adjusting for setting, spas were not associated with an increased risk of not meeting criteria. Research identifying reasons for these differences in meeting criteria between settings would be beneficial for informing public health interventions for aquatic environments

Mesoscale Ocean Eddy-Wind Interaction

A surface wind stress that includes the ocean surface current (known as relative wind stress) can result in a damping of eddy energy. A weakened eddy field has significant implications for the regional and global ocean circulation. Eddy energy budget-based parameterisations currently employ an arbitrary dissipation rate, leaving some uncertainty in future climate projections. Furthermore, the role of relative wind stress on eddy dynamics is not yet fully understood. Using shallow water theory and analytical equations, a method is developed to predict the decay of barotropic and baroclinic eddy energy due to relative wind stress. The prediction is then compared against high-resolution numerical simulations. Predicting barotropic eddy energy works well when the Rossby number is less than 0.1. Predicting baroclinic eddy energy compares well with its respective numerical simulation, although performs poorly when the numerical eddy destabilises. Eddy energy dissipation rates are then inferred via the analytical framework. The response of an anticyclonic baroclinic eddy to relative wind stress is subsequently examined in a dedicated case study. The damping of mean kinetic energy by relative wind stress is counteracted by an additional conversion of mean potential to mean kinetic energy via linear Ekman pumping. A scaling argument between additional conversion and damping confirms these results. Linear Ekman pumping also transfers horizontal density gradients into vertical, modifying surface potential vorticity gradients. As a result, the eddy destabilises and generates instabilities earlier. Sensitivity experiments reveal that a cyclonic eddy responds similarly to the anticyclonic case, though an earlier destabilisation takes place. An anticyclonic eddy with a more stable stratification exhibits reduced additional conversion of mean potential to mean kinetic energy due to relative wind stress

Periodontal-Systemic Disease Education in United States Dental Hygiene Programs

The relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease has gained much attention in recent years in the dental profession and from national health care agencies. Two third-party providers are now modifying their dental reimbursements for patients who have periodontal disease and are pregnant or have cardiovascular disease. However, there are few reports in the dental or dental hygiene literature about how students are taught this information and how it is incorporated into the didactic and clinical aspects of the curriculum. A thirty-item survey and cover letter on these subjects were emailed to the directors of the 286 accredited dental hygiene programs in the United States in 2007. The response rate was 63 percent. According to these responses, the three most emphasized topics regarding oral-systemic disease are diabetes, tobacco use, and cardiovascular disease. Most programs (90 percent) use journal articles for instructional content, and 87 percent use the American Academy of Periodontology website for reference. Only 4 percent have content taught jointly with nursing, medical, or allied health students. The majority of directors (87 percent) indicated they could use more evidence-based educational materials to help teach the concepts to students. Only 9 percent of survey respondents thought that nurses and physicians are knowledgeable about the relationship of oral health to systemic disease. The findings indicate that dental hygiene program directors are confident about the education on oral-systemic content provided to their dental hygiene students, but would like additional evidence-based materials to help their students learn this topic

Patina and the role of nostalgia in the field of stringed instrument cultural production

In this paper, the evocative nature of patina on stringed instruments is linked to the four agents of transformation that create it. These correspond to four nostalgic values: nostalgic reflection on the passage of time; nostalgia inspired by use; nostalgia for craftsmanship and pastoral nostalgia. Actors in the subfield of restricted cultural production of stringed instruments invoke one or more of these nostalgic values explicitly as a means to rationalize their actions to competing actors and to the broader public in their battle for status. Patina offers visible proof of their claims. Actors in the subfield of large-scale cultural production do not appeal to specific nostalgic values. Rather, they partake of the nostalgic aura surrounding antique instruments by "pasting" artificial patina onto their instruments. This serves to validate the idea of nostalgia. It also lays bare tensions existing in the broader field of cultural production over questions concerning the past and present