Peritoneal changes due to laparoscopic surgery

Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery has been incorporated into common surgical practice. The peritoneum is an organ with various biologic functions that may be affected in different ways by laparoscopic and open techniques. Clinically, these alterations may be important in issues such as peritoneal metastasis and adhesion formation. METHODS: A literature search using the Pubmed and Cochrane databases identified articles focusing on the key issues of laparoscopy, peritoneum, inflammation, morphology, immunology, and fibrinolysis. Results : Laparoscopic surgery induces alterations in the peritoneal integrity and causes local acidosis, probably due to peritoneal hypoxia. The local immune system and inflammation are modulated by a pneumoperitoneum. Additionally, the peritoneal plasmin system is inhibited, leading to peritoneal hypofibrinolysis. CONCLUSION: Similar to open surgery, laparoscopic surgery affects both the integrity and biology of the peritoneum. These observations may have implications for various clinical conditions.1 januari 201

Позиционный электропривод механизма перемещения

Объектом исследования является позиционный асинхронный электропривод механизма горизонтального перемещения груза. Цель работы – исследовать основные характеристики асинхронного электропривода с трехконтурной системой управления положением вала двигателя. В процессе исследования проводились выбор асинхронного двигателя для механизма перемещения, расчет параметров двигателя, его статических и динамических характеристик, выбор преобразователя частоты, синтез трехконтурной системы управления следящим электроприводом на базе регулируемого с векторным управлением.The object of the study is a positional asynchronous electric drive mechanism for the horizontal movement of cargo. The purpose of the work is to investigate the basic characteristics of an asynchronous electric drive with a three-circuit control system for positioning the motor shaft. In the process of research, the choice of an asynchronous motor for the displacement mechanism, calculation of the engine parameters, its static and dynamic characteristics, choice of a frequency converter, synthesis of a three-circuit control system for a servomotor drive based on an adjustable vector control were made

Spontaneous vesicoureteral refl ux resolution in children: A ten-year single-centre experience

Background/Aim: To evaluate the spontaneous resolution rate in infants and young children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Patients and Methods: Paediatric patients with VUR treated in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Only patients with pretreatment and followup voiding cystourethrogram were  included into the study. Treatment success was defined as completeVUR resolution.Results: The resolution rate for infants less than 1 year of age was 38.6% (17 of 44 renal units). Renal units with mild-moderate VUR (I-III) had a resolution rate of 40% (12 of 30 renal units) compared to 35.7% (5 of 14 renal units) with severe grade (IV-V) VUR. The resolution rate for children over 1 year of age was 39,1% (9 of 23 renal units). Renal units with mild-moderate VUR (I-III) had a resolution rate of 42.9% (9 of 21 renal  units) compared to 0% (0 of 2 renal units) with severe grade (IV-V) VUR. Conclusion: Infants less than 1 year of age with nonsymptomatic, mild, moderate or severe VUR have a spontaneous resolution rate of more than 35% and therefore should receive a primary conservative therapy. Children over 1 year of age with nonsymptomatic mild-moderate VUR (I-III) have aspontaneous resolution rate of about 40% and should receive primary  conservative treatment as well.Keywords: Children, spontaneous resolution, vesicoureteral reflu

Impact of magnetic resonance urography and ultrasonography on diagnosis and management of hydronephrosis and megaureter in paediatric patients

Background: (1) To evaluate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance urography (MRU) in comparison with ultrasonography (US) to determine the extent of upper urinary tract dilation and (2) to evaluate the impact of MRU on therapy management. Materials and Methods: From January 2005 to December 2010, paediatric patients with hydronephrosis or megaureter who underwent MRU in addition to standard work-up imaging were included. Data were retrospectively collected and analysed in comparison with the data obtained from results by US. Results: Forty-five patients with upper urinary tract dilatation were included into the study. Twenty-six patients (58%) had a hydronephrosis and 19 patients (42%) presented with a megaureter. Diagnosis was established in all patients by multimodulary imaging work-up including micturating cysto-urethrography, MAG3 renography, US and MRU and could be confirmed in all patients who underwent surgery (n = 28). Hydronephrosis was detected in 26 of 26 patients by US (100% sensitivity) and in 25 of 26 patients (96%) by MRU (Not significant (n.s.)). Megaureter was detected in 17 of 19 patients (sensitivity 89%) by US and in 18 of 19 patients (sensitivity 95%) by MRU (n.s.). In all 45 patients, MRU had no impact on surgical or conservative management of hydronephrosis or megaureter.Conclusion: In our experience, MRU was not superior to US in detecting hydronephrosis or megaureter and had no impact on the surgical or conservative management of upper urinary tract dilation.Key words: Children, hydronephrosis, magnetic resonance urography, megaureter, ultrasonograph

Oncologic implications of laparoscopic and open surgery

Although instrumental manipulation and mechanical tumor cell spillage seem to play the major role in port-site metastases from laparoscopic cancer surgery, minimally invasive procedures are used more and more in the resection of malignancies. However, port-site metastases also have been reported after resection of colon cancer in International Union Against Cancer (UICC) stage I [2, 14]. Therefore, changes in the peritoneal environment during laparoscopy also might influence intra- and extraperitoneal tumor growth during laparoscopy and pneumoperitoneum. Different results of experimental studies presented at the Third International Conference for Laparoscopic Surgery are analyzed and discussed