Control of Brown Stain in Sugar Pine with Environmentally Acceptable Chemicals

Because of the hazards in using sodium azide for controlling brown stain, a less hazardous chemical was sought. Phosphoric acid was found to be the most successful treatment of the chemicals screened. A sufficient concentration of an iron chelating agent, in conjunction with lowered pH, resulted in a reduction in brown stain. Antioxidants were found to be ineffective

Decay Resistance in Redwood: (Sequoia Sempervirens) Heartwood as Related To Color and Extractives

Decay resistance and water-soluble and ethanol-soluble extractive contents were determined for redwood heartwood boards having a full range of natural color variation. Decay resistance and ethanol-soluble extractive content were greatest in the darkest boards. Water-soluble extractives varied inconsistently with board color and decay resistance. Correlation analysis showed that as much as 69% of the variation in weight loss could be accounted for by ethanol-soluble extractive concentration

Effects of Mistletoe and Other Defects on Lumber Quality in White Fir

The presence or absence of defects, including dwarf and true mistletoes, was determined for logs from twenty white fir trees. Grade and volume were determined for all boards sawed from these logs. Differences between defect categories and logs without defect, with regard to degrade and overrun, were not statistically significant. With the exception of shop grades derived from logs containing dwarf mistletoe, differences between logs without defect and those with defect were not statistically significant after the effect of diameter was accounted for; even in this single exception, the volume derived from dwarf mistletoe logs was greater than that derived from no-defect logs. This suggests that the presence in logs of dwarf mistletoe, true mistletoe, and the other defects considered in this study either does not adversely affect lumber grade or that present quality control procedures are ineffective in detecting the changes. The latter possibility appears most likely

4-H Dairy Project

This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu

DHIA Records

This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu

Causes of Uprooting and Breakage of Specimen Giant Sequoia Trees

A study of the causes of uprooting and stem failure in old-growth giant sequoia (Sequoia gigantea [Lindl.] Decne) indicated many factors, depending upon the type of failure (by root, stem, or earth). Advanced decay and fire scars were the most frequently associated with failure. In 21 of 33 study trees, one-third or more of the roots were judged too decayed to provide support. Twenty-seven study trees possessed basal fire scars, and 26 fell toward the scarred side. Nine Basidiomycetes, including Fomes annosus, Poria albipellucida, Poria incrassata, and Armillaria mellea, were associated with decayed wood. Carpenter ants were found in or adjacent to the failure zone of nearly half of the study trees. Physical disturbances (e.g., roads, trails, streams) were associated with 22 tree failures, but their role in initiating requires further investigating

PJM Controller Testing with Prototypic PJM Nozzle Configuration

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of River Protection’s Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) is being designed and built to pre-treat and then vitrify a large portion of the wastes in Hanford’s 177 underground waste storage tanks. The WTP consists of three primary facilities—pretreatment, low-activity waste (LAW) vitrification, and high-level waste (HLW) vitrification. The pretreatment facility will receive waste piped from the Hanford tank farms and separate it into a high-volume, low-activity liquid stream stripped of most solids and radionuclides and a much smaller volume of HLW slurry containing most of the solids and most of the radioactivity. Many of the vessels in the pretreatment facility will contain pulse jet mixers (PJM) that will provide some or all of the mixing in the vessels. Pulse jet mixer technology was selected for use in black cell regions of the WTP, where maintenance cannot be performed once hot testing and operations commence. The PJMs have no moving mechanical parts that require maintenance. The vessels with the most concentrated slurries will also be mixed with air spargers and/or steady jets in addition to the mixing provided by the PJMs. Pulse jet mixers are susceptible to overblows that can generate large hydrodynamic forces, forces that can damage mixing vessels or their internal parts. The probability of an overblow increases if a PJM does not fill completely. The purpose of the testing performed for this report was to determine how reliable and repeatable the primary and safety (or backup) PJM control systems are at detecting drive overblows (DOB) and charge vessel full (CVF) conditions. Testing was performed on the ABB 800xA and Triconex control systems. The controllers operated an array of four PJMs installed in an approximately 13 ft diameter × 15 ft tall tank located in the high bay of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) 336 Building test facility. The PJMs were fitted with 4 inch diameter discharge nozzles representative of the nozzles to be used in the WTP. This work supplemented earlier controller tests done on PJMs with 2 inch nozzles (Bontha et al. 2007). Those earlier tests enabled the selection of appropriate pressure transmitters with associated piping and resulted in an alternate overblow detection algorithm that uses data from pressure transmitters mounted in a water flush line on the PJM airlines. Much of that earlier work was only qualitative, however, due to a data logger equipment failure that occurred during the 2007 testing. The objectives of the current work focused on providing quantitative determinations of the ability of the BNI controllers to detect DOB and CVF conditions. On both control systems, a DOB or CVF is indicated when the values of particular internal functions, called confidence values, cross predetermined thresholds. There are two types of confidence values; one based on a transformation of jet pump pair (JPP) drive and suction pressures, the other based on the pressure in the flush line. In the present testing, we collected confidence levels output from the ABB and Triconex controllers. These data were analyzed in terms of the true and noise confidence peaks generated during multiple cycles of DOB and CVF events. The distributions of peak and noise amplitudes were compared to see if thresholds could be set that would enable the detection of DOB and CVF events at high probabilities, while keeping false detections to low probabilities. Supporting data were also collected on PJM operation, including data on PJM pressures and levels, to provide direct experimental evidence of when PJMs were filling, full, driving, or overblowing

Genetic Analysis Workshop 14: microsatellite and single-nucleotide polymorphism marker loci for genome-wide scans.

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are

Genetic Analysis Workshop 14: microsatellite and single-nucleotide polymorphism marker loci for genome-wide scans

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are