Fouling and Rejection Behaviour of Ultrafiltration for Oil in Water Emulsion Separation

Oily waste water has been generated from food, automotive, metal processing industries as well as petroleum exploration and refinery. Polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane was investigated for treatment of oil in water emulsion. The emulsion models were made based on industrial oily wastewater characteristic in the oil refinery. Flux and rejection were evaluated in order study the fouling and rejection behaviour. Results showed that more than 90% of COD and 85% surfactant were rejected. The permeate flux decline was analyzed in order to study the membrane fouling. In addition, the Hermia model is adopted to investigate the fouling mechanism during ultrafiltration of oil in water emulsion. Analyze of blocking mechanism using Hermia’s model reveal that ultrafiltration of both diesel and mineral oil have good agreement with complete blocking mechanism

STUDI EVALUASI EFISIENSI PEMAKAIAN AIR UNTUK OPERASIONALISASI OPEN RECIRCULATING COOLING WATER SYSTEM PADA INDUSTRI TEKSTIL (Studi Kasus Pada Industri Tekstil PT. X)

A lot of industrial use water in their process to support their operational. One of the systems that use a lot of water in a textile industry is the cooling water system. In this system, water is taken from water source (etc: deep well). The water is then flown into a condenser that is connected with a chiller and is used as a media to decrease the temperature of the production machine, room, and all the equipment that is used in the industry. There is two kind of Cooling water system: 1.) Once through system, which a cooling system that runs water through the system once, then the water discarded. 2.) Recirculation system, which is a cooling system that circulates water so it will be reused. The advantage of once through system is that the system can run well cause the quality of the water can be maintained. But the disadvantage is the use of water will be very big or will be squandered. On the contrary using the recirculation system can save more water. This study will evaluate the efficiency of water using in the open recirculation cooling water system. The statistic test result taken from three units of the textile industry, shows that the changes of the debit are comparable to the changes of concentration and the changes of the temperature (∆T) from the water bait hardness and the blow down water. To reach an optimal level of the temperature in the cooling system can be done by adjusting the water bait debit and the blow down. To establish the optimization in the blow down can be done by analyzing the regression and the correlation between debit cycles and the temperature changing (∆T). The graph shows that debit cycles will be optimal when the temperature changing (∆T) is optimal too, that is when the ∆T=5°C. The evaluation of the efficiency is done by comparing the amount of water that is been use between the once through system and the open recirculation system in the optimum level. Without counting the debit, we can also count the efficient by using the optimality of the system. In the once through system the cycles is considered as 1 (one), cause there is no cycles in this system. The optimal cycles in cooling system in Weaving unit, the Spinning unit and the Diesel unit is 2,6; 2,5; and 2,5. Because of that the calculation of the efficient evaluation of the water using in the cooling system of PT. X in the Diesel and Spinning unit is 60% and in the Weaving unit is 62%. (key words : cycles, debit, hardness, delta T, efficiency

Efficiency of Multi Soil Layering (MSL) System in A Household Scale of Wastewater Treatment Using Environmental Friendly Materials

Most community settlements in Indonesia do not have a household scale of a wastewater treatment plant. Fatal impacts on the environment and human health can occur at any time, including (a) causing environmental damage (disaster), (b) damaging beauty/aesthetics for the scenery will be unpleasant and foul-smelling, (c) polluting water bodies, and (d ) endangering health. The purpose of this study is to optimize the Multi Soil Layering (MSL) System to treat domestic wastewater (greywater) using environmentally friendly materials that are available in Indonesia. The research method used the MSL system with the first variation using a batch system with Hydraulic retention time (HRT) for 24 hours and the second variation using an intermittent system with 3, 6, 9 hours HRT. The results showed that the MSL system was able to eliminate COD well. The highest COD removal efficiency was 93.44% at 9 hours HRT, but the effluent quality did not meet the required quality standards. The development of MSL systems that produces an effluent quality that meets the quality standards needs to be studied further

Pengaruh Penambahan Limbah Sayuran Terhadap Kandungan C-organik Dan Nitrogen Total Dalam Vermikomposting Limbah Rumen Dari Sapi Rumah Potong Hewan (Rph)

Limbah isi rumen dari rumah potong hewan (RPH) yang belum terkelola secara optimal memungkinkan menimbulkan masalah bagi lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif pengolahan limbah isi rumen adalah dengan metode vermikomposting. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk menambah selera makan cacing tanah adalah dengan menambahkan limbah sayuran pada pengolahan limbah isi rumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan variansi penambahan limbah sayuran sebesar 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% dari berat limbah isi rumen. Penambahan limbah sayuran pada penelitian ini pada kondisi awal mampu meningkatkan kandungan C-Organik dan N-Total. Akan tetapi, penambahan tersebut justru menurunkan rasio C/N. Selama proses vermikomposting terjadi degradasi C-Organik sebesar 69,71% dan degradasi N-Total sebesar 52,16%. Produk yang dihasilkan dari proses vermikomposting disebut kascing dan cacing tanah. Pada saat kascing dipindahkan dari reaktor vermikomposting, proses degradasi C-Organik, N-Total, dan rasio C/N masih berlangsung. Kandungan kascing mulai stabil pada hari kesembilan dari kascing dipindakan dar reaktor vermikomposting. Kualitas kascing yang dihasilkan masih belum memenuhi atau memiliki nilai yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan kriteria kompos yang tercantum pada SNI 19-7030-2004 maupun dibandingkan dengan kulitas kompos lainnya

Penurunan Tss, Cod, dan Fosfat pada Limbah Laundry Menggunakan Koagulan Tawas dan Media Zeolit

Laundry waste is a liquid waste from the washing process using deterjent. Deterjent is a compound synthesis of surface active agent which used as a good washer for domestic use, industrial textiles, cosmetics, drugs, metals, paper, and rubber. Waste generated by laundry deterjent containing high posphat. It is derived from Sodium Tripolyphospate (STPP) which is one of the major ingredients in the deterjent levels (Hera, 2003, in Ika Dessy, 2009). In general, laundry waste has a value of TSS, COD, and phosphates that exceed the quality standards which can pollute the environment. Based on the test results of waste characteristics,the amount of TSS concentration is 196 mg / l; COD concentration is 1279.83 mg / l; and phosphate concentration is 3.331 mg / l. The way that can be used for treating laundry waste is by using coagulation flocculation with alum coagulation and adsorption of zeolite media. Coagulation flocculation using 1% alum coagulant with a dose variation of 80 mL, 100 mL, 120 mL, 140 mL and 160 mL. Obtained the optimum dose of 140 mL with TSS removal efficiency of 90.29%; COD is 75.36%; and Phosphate by 95.01%. Processing of zeolite media with height variation media that is 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, and 50 cm. Retrieved the best height in 40 cm at 120 minutes with a TSS removal efficiency of 92.57%; COD is 69.55%; and Phosphate by 90.79%. Further research perform by combining the processing of coagulation flocculation with 1% alum coagulant of 140 mL and adsorption with zeolite medium height of 40 cm was obtained TSS removal efficiency of 86.64% at 90 minutes; COD 85.53% at 120 minutes; Phosphate and 77.7% at 30 minutes

Studi Pengaruh Tegangan Dan Flowrate Gas Terhadap Konsentrasi Cod Dan Warna Pada Limbah Cair Industri Tekstil Dengan Teknologi Plasma

The textiles wastewater has high concentrate of COD and Color. The initial of COD concentration is 3250 mg/L and concentration of color is 2727 PtCo. The wastewater treatment with plasma technology has several advantages compares to other treatments. This research has been conducted to analyze the effects of voltage (9,11,13kV) and oxygen flowrate (0.25,0.5,1.0 L/m) on COD and color concentration. The pretreatment on this research was using filter papper and 5 minutes aeration with pure oxygen. Based on this research and discussion of qualitative and quantitative statistical test, voltage and flowrate variations affect the concentration of COD and color. The greater voltage and flowrate are used, the smaller COD and color concentration being resulted after the process. The highest removal efficiency occures at 13 kV of voltage and 1 L/min of flowrate. By this condition, removal efficiency of COD is 68% with a final concentration 833 mg/L and efficiency of color parameters is 71% with final concentration 455 PtCo