Anticipatory Breach and the Unilateral Contract: A Decade of the Status Quo

The law on anticipatory breach has been called “difficult” for students and referred to as “pure joy to teachers intent upon persecuting their students.” With such characterizations, these writers could not resist the temptation to inspect decisions of the last decade to discover if additional nuances in the law of anticipatory breach have been revealed. Such is the objective of this paper. It is an inquiry into case decisions of the past decade to determine whether what might be called an “exception to the exception” to the rule governing anticipatory breach has gained further support

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Theory and problems advanced business law/ Wiesner

311 hal. ; 28 c

Theory and problems advanced business law/ Wiesner

311 hal. ; 28 c

Theory and problems advanced business law/ Wiesner

311 hal. ; 28 c

Theory and problems advanced business law/ Wiesner

311 hal. ; 28 c

Theory and problems advanced business law/ Wiesner

311 hal. ; 28 c

Influenza Virus-Membrane Fusion Triggered by Proton Uncaging for Single Particle Studies of Fusion Kinetics

We report a method for studying membrane fusion, focusing on influenza virus fusion to lipid bilayers, which provides high temporal resolution through the rapid and coordinated initiation of individual virus fusion events. Each fusion event proceeds through a series of steps, much like multistep chemical reaction. Fusion is initiated by a rapid decrease in pH that accompanies the “uncaging” of an effector molecule from <i>o</i>-nitrobenzaldehyde, a photoisomerizable compound that releases a proton to the surrounding solution within microseconds of long-wave ultraviolet irradiation. In order to quantify pH values upon UV irradiation and uncaging, we introduce a simple silica nanoparticle pH sensor, useful for reporting the pH in homogeneous nanoliter volumes under conditions where traditional organic dye-type pH probes fail. Subsequent single-virion fusion events are monitored using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Statistical analysis of these stochastic events uncovers kinetic information about the fusion reaction. This approach reveals that the kinetic parameters obtained from the data are sensitive to the rate at which protons are delivered to the bound viruses. Higher resolution measurements can enhance fundamental fusion studies and aid antiviral antifusogenic drug development