Estimation of specific heat and thermal conductivity of PMMA and PTFE using chosen inverse techniques

W pracy wykorzystano zmodyfikowaną metodę chwilowego źródła ciepła oraz współczynnikową metodę odwrotną do jednoczesnej estymacji przewodności cieplnej ? oraz ciepła właściwego cp materiałów izolacyjnych takich jak polimetakrylan metylu (PMMA) oraz politetrafluoroetylen (PTFE) w czasie jednego pomiaru. W procesie wyznaczania poszukiwanych parametrów termofizycznych bazowano na symulacyjnych i rzeczywistych sygnałach pomiarowych, przedstawiających nadwyżkę temperatury ?m(t) w odległości H od chwilowego źródła ciepła. Uzyskane wyniki estymacji parametrów termofizycznych PMMA i PTFE porównano z wynikami referencyjnymi dostępnymi w literaturze.A modified heat pulse method and an inverse coefficient technique is presented for simultaneous estimation of: the thermal conductivity ? and the specific heat cp of insulation materials such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) during single measurement. Thermophysical parameter estimation process was based on simulated and real measurement signals, which shows temperature excess ?m(t) at the back face of the sample. The paper presents the estimation results for PMMA and PTFE compared with reference values from literature

Regulation of beta adrenergic receptors on rat mononuclear leukocytes by stress: receptor redistribution and down-regulation are altered with aging.

In vitro incubation of mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) with catecholamines desensitizes beta adrenergic receptors, meaning isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation decreases. This desensitization is accompanied by two patterns of receptor changes: first, reduction of surface receptors (defined as binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol inhibited by 1 microM CGP 12177 [4-3-tertiarybutylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-benzimidazole- 2-on-hydrochloride]) without any change in the total number of [3H] dihydroalprenolol binding sites inhibited by 1 microM propranolol (receptor redistribution); then reduction of the total number of receptors (receptor down-regulation). In the present study we investigated receptor redistribution and down-regulation under physiological conditions by raising endogenous catecholamines in the rat by stress. In young rats a single immobilization stress induced MNL beta adrenergic receptor redistribution: the number of surface receptors was reduced by about 50% but the total number remained the same. Receptor redistribution was prevented completely in rats pretreated with beta-blocking nadolol. Repeated stress down-regulated the MNL beta adrenergic receptors as shown by a reduction in the total number of sites. We also investigated the regulation of beta adrenergic receptors in three age-groups. After 60 min of immobilization stress the number of MNL surface receptors was reduced in young (4-month-old) rats but not in mature (12-month-old) or aged (26-month-old) rats. Using an alternative stress procedure, after single or repeated open-field sessions, we found receptor redistribution and down-regulation, respectively, in young rats. None of these adaptive receptor response was observed in 26-month-old rats

Fecal incontinence in systemic sclerosis is secondary to neuropathy

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic multi-system autoimmune disorder with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) involvement in up to 90% of patients and anorectal involvement occurs in up to 50% of patients. The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal abnormalities may be both myogenic and neurogenic. We aimed to identify which anorectal physiological abnormalities correlate with clinical symptoms and thus understand the pathophysiology of anorectal involvement in SSc