1,559 research outputs found
Reciprocal space mapping of magnetic order in thick epitaxial MnSi films
We report grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering (GISANS) and
complementary off-specular neutron reflectometry (OSR) of the magnetic order in
a single-crystalline epitaxial MnSi film on Si(111) in the thick film limit.
Providing a means of direct reciprocal space mapping, GISANS and OSR reveal a
magnetic modulation perpendicular to the films under magnetic fields parallel
and perpendicular to the film, where additional polarized neutron reflectometry
(PNR) and magnetization measurements are in excellent agreement with the
literature. Regardless of field orientation, our data does not suggest the
presence of more complex spin textures, notably the formation of skyrmions.
This observation establishes a distinct difference with bulk samples of MnSi of
similar thickness under perpendicular field, in which a skyrmion lattice
dominates the phase diagram. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure
measurements suggest that small shifts of the Si positions within the
unstrained unit cell control the magnetic state, representing the main
difference between the films and thin bulk samples
Infrared Observations During the Secondary Eclipse of HD 209458b: I. 3.6-Micron Occultation Spectroscopy Using the VLT
We search for an infrared signature of the transiting extrasolar planet HD
209458b during secondary eclipse. Our method, which we call `occultation
spectroscopy,' searches for the disappearance and reappearance of weak spectral
features due to the exoplanet as it passes behind the star and later reappears.
We argue that at the longest infrared wavelengths, this technique becomes
preferable to conventional `transit spectroscopy'. We observed the system in
the wing of the strong nu-3 band of methane near 3.6 microns during two
secondary eclipses, using the VLT/ISAAC spectrometer at a spectral resolution
of 3300. Our analysis, which utilizes a model template spectrum, achieves
sufficient precision to expect detection of the spectral structure predicted by
an irradiated, low-opacity (cloudless), low-albedo, thermochemical equilibrium
model for the exoplanet atmosphere. However, our observations show no evidence
for the presence of this spectrum from the exoplanet, with the statistical
significance of the non-detection depending on the timing of the secondary
eclipse, which depends on the assumed value for the orbital eccentricity. Our
results reject certain specific models of the atmosphere of HD 209458b as
inconsistent with our observations at the 3-sigma level, given assumptions
about the stellar and planetary parameters.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figures Accepted to Astrophysical Journa
Azimuthal anisotropy of jet quenching at LHC
We analyze the azimuthal anisotropy of jet spectra due to energy loss of hard
partons in quark-gluon plasma, created initially in nuclear overlap zone in
collisions with non-zero impact parameter. The calculations are performed for
semi-central Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energy.Comment: Talk given at Fourth International Conference "Physics and
Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon Plasma", November 26-30, 2001; 4 pages including
4 eps-figure
Medium-modified evolution of multiparticle production in jets in heavy-ion collisions
The energy evolution of medium-modified average multiplicities and
multiplicity fluctuations in quark and gluon jets produced in heavy-ion
collisions is investigated from a toy QCD-inspired model. In this model, we use
modified splitting functions accounting for medium-enhanced radiation of gluons
by a fast parton which propagates through the quark gluon plasma. The leading
contribution of the standard production of soft hadrons is found to be enhanced
by the factor while next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections are
suppressed by , where the nuclear parameter accounts for
the induced-soft gluons in the hot medium. The role of next-to-next-to-leading
order corrections (NNLO) is studied and the large amount of medium-induced soft
gluons is found to drastically affect the convergence of the perturbative
series. Our results for such global observables are cross-checked and compared
with their limits in the vacuum and a new method for solving the second
multiplicity correlator evolution equations is proposed.Comment: 21 pages and 8 figures, typo corrections, references adde
Fast hadron freeze-out generator, part II: noncentral collisions
The fast Monte Carlo procedure of hadron generation developed in our previous
work is extended to describe noncentral collisions of nuclei. We consider
different possibilities to introduce appropriate asymmetry of the freeze-out
hyper-surface and flow velocity profile. For comparison with other models and
experimental data we demonstrate the results based on the standard
parametrizations of the hadron freeze-out hyper-surface and flow velocity
profile assuming either a common chemical and thermal freeze-out or the
chemically frozen evolution from chemical to thermal freeze-out. The C++
generator code is written under the ROOT framework and is available for public
use at http://uhkm.jinr.ru/Comment: 27 pages including 7 figures as EPS-files; prepared using LaTeX
package for publication in Physical Review
Eikonal Evolution and Gluon Radiation
We give a simple quantum mechanical formulation of the eikonal propagation
approximation, which has been heavily used in recent years in problems
involving hadronic interactions at high energy. This provides a unified
framework for several approaches existing in the literature. We illustrate this
scheme by calculating the total, elastic, inelastic and diffractive DIS cross
sections, as well as gluon production in high energy hadronic collisions. From
the q-qbar-g-component of the DIS cross sections, we straightforwardly derive
low x evolution equations for inelastic and diffractive DIS distribution
functions. In all calculations, we provide all order 1/N corrections to the
results existing in the literature.Comment: 40 pages, LaTeX, 3 eps-figures, typos corrected, to be published in
PR
On kinematics and dynamics of independent pion emission
Multiparticle boson states, proposed recently for 'independently' emitted
pions in heavy ion collisions, are reconsidered in standard second quantized
formalism and shown to emerge from a simplistic chaotic current dynamics.
Compact equations relate the density operator, the generating functional of
multiparticle counts, and the correlator of the external current to each other.
'Bose-Einstein-condensation' is related to the external pulse. A quantum master
equation is advocated for future Monte-Carlo simulations.Comment: 10 pages LaTeX, Sec.7 adde
The Physics of Ultraperipheral Collisions at the LHC
We discuss the physics of large impact parameter interactions at the LHC:
ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs). The dominant processes in UPCs are
photon-nucleon (nucleus) interactions. The current LHC detector configurations
can explore small hard phenomena with nuclei and nucleons at photon-nucleon
center-of-mass energies above 1 TeV, extending the range of HERA by a
factor of ten. In particular, it will be possible to probe diffractive and
inclusive parton densities in nuclei using several processes. The interaction
of small dipoles with protons and nuclei can be investigated in elastic and
quasi-elastic and production as well as in high
production accompanied by a rapidity gap. Several of these phenomena
provide clean signatures of the onset of the new high gluon density QCD regime.
The LHC is in the kinematic range where nonlinear effects are several times
larger than at HERA. Two-photon processes in UPCs are also studied. In
addition, while UPCs play a role in limiting the maximum beam luminosity, they
can also be used a luminosity monitor by measuring mutual electromagnetic
dissociation of the beam nuclei. We also review similar studies at HERA and
RHIC as well as describe the potential use of the LHC detectors for UPC
measurements.Comment: 229 Pages, 121 figure
Classical and Quantum-like approaches to Charged-Particle Fluids in a Quadrupole
A classical description of the dynamics of a dissipative charged-particle
fluid in a quadrupole-like device is developed. It is shown that the set of the
classical fluid equations contains the same information as a complex function
satisfying a Schrodinger-like equation in which Planck's constant is replaced
by the time-varying emittance, which is related to the time-varying temperature
of the fluid. The squared modulus and the gradient of the phase of this complex
function are proportional to the fluid density and to the current velocity,
respectively. Within this framework, the dynamics of an electron bunch in a
storage ring in the presence of radiation damping and quantum-excitation is
recovered. Furthermore, both standard and generalized (including dissipation)
coherent states that may be associated with the classical particle fluids are
fully described in terms of the above formalism.Comment: LaTex, to appear in Physica Script
Interaction corrections to the thermal transport coefficients in disordered metals: quantum kinetic equation approach
We consider the singular electron-electron interaction corrections to the
transport coefficients in disordered metals to test the validity of the
Wiedemann-Franz law. We develop a local, quantum kinetic equation approach in
which the charge and energy conservation laws are explicitly obeyed. To obtain
the local description, we introduce bosonic distribution functions for the
neutral, low-energy collective modes (electron-hole pairs). The resulting
system of kinetic equations enables us to distinguish between the different
physical processes involved in the charge and energy transport: elastic
electron scattering affects both, while the inelastic processes influence only
the latter. Moreover, the neutral bosons, though incapable of transporting
charge, contribute significantly to the energy transport. In our approach we
calculate on equal footing the electrical and thermal conductivities and the
specific heat in any dimension. We found that the Wiedemann-Franz law is always
violated by the interaction corrections; the violation is larger for one- and
two-dimensional systems in the diffusive regime and it is due
to the energy transported by the neutral bosons. For two-dimensional systems in
the quasi-ballistic regime the inelastic scattering of the
electron on the bosons also contributes to the violation.Comment: 4 figures, 35 page
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