2,454 research outputs found
A simple method of obtaining concentration depth-profiles from X-ray diffraction
The construction of composition profiles from X-ray intensity bands was investigated. The intensity band-to-composition profile transformation utilizes a solution which can be easily evaluated. The technique can be applied to thin films and thick speciments for which the variation of lattice parameters, linear absorption coefficient, and reflectivity with composition are known. A deconvolution scheme with corrections for the instrumental broadening and ak-alfadoublet is discussed
An X-ray diffraction study of titanium oxidation
Titanium specimens of commercial purity were exposed at 1100 to 1400 F to laboratory air for times up to 100 hours. The extent of substrate contamination by interstitial oxygen was was determined by a new X-ray diffraction analysis involving transformation of X-ray diffraction intensity bands. The oxygen solid-solubility at the oxide-metal interfaces and its variation with time at temperature were also determined. Diffusion coefficients are deduced from the oxygen depth profiles
Oxidation and emittance of superalloys in heat shield applications
Recently developed superalloys that form alumina coatings have a high potential for heat shield applications for advanced aerospace vehicles at temperatures above 1095C. Both INCOLOY alloy MA 956 (of the Inco Alloys International, Inc.), an iron-base oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy, and CABOT alloy No. 214 (of the Cabot Corporation), an alumina-forming nickel-chromium alloy, have good oxidation resistance and good elevated temperature strength. The oxidation resistance of both alloys has been attributed to the formation of a thin alumina layer (alpha-Al2O3) at the surface. Emittance and oxidation data were obtained for simulated Space Shuttle reentry conditions using a hypersonic arc-heated wind tunnel. The surface oxides and substrate alloys were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray analysis unit. The mass loss and emittance characteristics of the two alloys are discussed
Oxidation characteristics of Beta-21S in air in the temperature range 600 to 800 C
The metastable beta-Ti alloy Beta-21S, Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si (weight percent), has been proposed as a candidate for use in metal matrix composites in future hypersonic vehicles. The present study investigated the oxidation behavior of Beta-21S over the temperature range 600 C to 800 C. Oxidation weight gain was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis. Oxidized specimens were evaluated using x ray diffraction techniques, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x ray analysis, and electron microprobe analysis to identify oxidation products and evaluate oxidation damage to the alloy
Multi-layer light-weight protective coating and method for application
A thin, light-weight, multi-layer coating is provided for protecting metals and their alloys from environmental attack at high temperatures. A reaction barrier is applied to the metal substrate and a diffusion barrier is then applied to the reaction barrier. A sealant layer may also be applied to the diffusion barrier if desired. The reaction barrier is either non-reactive or passivating with respect to the metal substrate and the diffusion barrier. The diffusion barrier is either non-reactive or passivating with respect to the reaction barrier and the sealant layer. The sealant layer is immiscible with the diffusion barrier and has a softening point below the expected use temperature of the metal
Calculating the Jet Quenching Parameter from AdS/CFT
Models of medium-induced radiative parton energy loss account for the strong
suppression of high-pT hadron spectra in GeV Au-Au
collisions at RHIC in terms of a single "jet quenching parameter'' .
The available suite of jet quenching measurements make one of the
experimentally best constrained properties of the hot fluid produced in RHIC
collisions. We observe that can be given a model-independent,
nonperturbative, quantum field theoretic definition in terms of the
short-distance behavior of a particular light-like Wilson loop. We then use the
AdS/CFT correspondence to obtain a strong-coupling calculation of in
hot N=4 supersymmetric QCD, finding in the limit in which both and are
large. We thus learn that at strong coupling is not proportional to
the entropy density , or to some "number density of scatterers'' since,
unlike the number of degrees of freedom, does not grow like .Comment: Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.; factor of
Sqrt[2] error corrected, improving agreement between in N=4 SYM and
that extracted from RHIC dat
Oxidation characteristics of Ti-14Al-21Nb ingot alloy
Static oxidation kinetics of Ti14Al21Nb (wt pct) ingot alloy were studied in air over the temperature interval of 649 to 1093 C in a thermogravimetric apparatus. The oxidation products were characterized by x ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis, energy dispersive x ray analysis, and Auger electron spectroscopy. Cross-sections of the oxidized samples were also examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. The oxidation rate was substantially lower than the conventional alloys of titanium, but the kinetics displayed a complex behavior involving two or more oxidation rates depending on the temperature and duration of exposure. The primary oxide formed was TiO2, but this oxide was doped with Nb. Small amounts of Al2O3 and TiN were also present in the scale. Diffusion of oxygen into the alloy was observed and the diffusivity seemed to be dependent on the microstructure of the metal. A model was presented to explain the oxidation behavior of the alloy in terms of the reduction in the oxygen diffusivity in the oxide caused by the modification of the defect structure of TiO2 by Nb ions
Restriction on the energy and luminosity of e+e- storage rings due to beamstrahlung
The role of beamstrahlung in high-energy e+e- storage-ring colliders (SRCs)
is examined. Particle loss due to the emission of single energetic
beamstrahlung photons is shown to impose a fundamental limit on SRC
luminosities at energies 2E_0 >~ 140 GeV for head-on collisions and 2E_0 >~ 40
GeV for crab-waist collisions. With beamstrahlung taken into account, we
explore the viability of SRCs in the E_0=240-500 GeV range, which is of
interest in the precision study of the Higgs boson. At 2E_0=240 GeV, SRCs are
found to be competitive with linear colliders; however, at 2E_0=400-500 GeV,
the attainable SRC luminosity would be a factor 15-25 smaller than desired.Comment: Latex, 5 pages. v2 differs only by minor changes is abstract and
introduction, one reference is added. v3 corresponds to the paper published
in PR
Mechanical properties of coated titanium Beta-21S after exposure to air at 700 and 800 C
Mechanical properties of Beta-21S (Ti-15Mo-3Al-2.7Nb-0.2Si, wt percent) with glass, aluminide, and glass-on-aluminide coatings less than 3-micron thick were studied. Coatings were deposited by sol-gel processing or electron-beam evaporation onto 4.5-mil (113-micron) thick Beta-21S sheet from which, after oxidizing in air at 700 or 800 C, tensile test specimens were machined. Plastic elongation was the most severely degraded of the tensile properties; the glass-on-aluminide coatings were the most effective in preventing degradation. It was found that oxygen trapping by forming oxides in the coating, and reactions between the coatings and the Beta-21S alloy played significant roles
Hadron multiplicity in pp and AA collisions at LHC from the Color Glass Condensate
We provide quantitative predictions for the rapidity, centrality and energy
dependencies of inclusive charged-hadron productions for the forthcoming LHC
measurements in nucleus-nucleus collisions based on the idea of gluon
saturation in the color-glass condensate framework. Our formulation gives very
good descriptions of the first data from the LHC for the inclusive
charged-hadron production in proton-proton collisions, the deep inelastic
scattering at HERA at small Bjorken-x, and the hadron multiplicities in
nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures; v3: minor changes, one reference added, results
unchanged, the version to appear in Phys. Rev.
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