Habitat displacement effect between two competing owl species in fragmented forests

Many owl species use the same nesting and food resources, which causes strong interspecific competition and spatio-temporal niche separation. We made use of a recent colonisation of Ural Owls (Strix uralensis) in southern Poland to compare habitat preferences of Tawny Owls (Strix aluco) allopatry and sympatry with Ural Owls. We investigated spatial niche segregation of Ural Owl and the Tawny Owl in sympatry and compared habitat preferences of Tawny Owls breeding in allopatry and sympatry. Tawny Owls breeding in sympatry with Ural Owls occupied forests with higher canopy compactness, sites located closer to forest border and to built-up areas, as well as stands with a higher share of fir and spruce and a lower share of beech as compared to sites occupied by Ural Owls. Allopatric Tawny Owls occupied sites with lower canopy compactness and bred at sites located further from forest borders and in stands with lower share of fir and spruce and a higher share of deciduous as compared to sympatric Tawny Owls. As Ural owls are dominant in relation to Tawny Owls, this indicates that the presence of Ural Owls prevents Tawny Owls from occupying deciduous-dominated and old stands located in forest interior areas, far from buildings and forest edges. The results support habitat displacement between the two species when breeding in sympatry. We also show that protection of large forest patches is crucial for the Ural Owl, a species still rare in central Europe, while small patches are occupied by the abundant Tawny Owl

Research on influence of damages of car vehicle combustion engine on noise level

The article addresses results of the research on the preliminary research on influence of chosen damages of car vehicle engine on noise generated level. The diagnostics experiment was conducted and the noise levels were measured in defined measure points placed outside the vehicle. For the experiments vehicles with damages of the engine and its equipments were chosen. The measures were conducted before and after the repair. The research had preliminary character, so evaluation of the influence of damages of car vehicle engine on noise generated level have had qualitative dimension

Aerobic motor skills and the effectiveness of football players on the example of German Club BSC Eintracht Südring Berlin

Constant development and commercialization of football makes it somewhat compelling to look for proven solutions in order to determine both the represented players’ level of competence and the most important components of the effectiveness or efficiency of a game. Evolution of walking distance over the years directs attention towards the aerobic motor skills.In this report, there have been made attempts to determine the relationship between the effectiveness of the game and the endurance of the tested football players of the BSC Eintracht Südring Berlin club.The research covered a group of 22 players from the Berlin club. The tests were carried out in the autumn round of the 2018/2019 season in Berlin in the period from July to November 2018. The endurance was measured with the help of the Cooper Test, while the players’ performance was evaluated by the method of competent judges. The results of the study were statistically analyzed in the Statistica 13.1 program. Descriptive statistics were carried out, the minimum (min), maximum (max), average (X) and standard deviation (SD) values were calculated, and the coefficient correlation was determined.It was noted a significant correlation between the effectiveness of the game and the endurance

The solution to drug resistance of Gram-negative bacteria – Cefiderocol

Introduction: A major public health problem is the emergence of anti-gram-negative antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Cefiderocol is a new agent targeting Gram-negative bacteria, including strains with resistance to carbapenems. Aim of the study: Analysis of the efficiency of cefiderocol in the treatment of infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, the drug's mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug. Material and Methods: Search of the PubMed database using the following keywords: cefiderocol, resistance, gram negative bacteria. Only full-length articles were taken into consideration. Results: The studies show that cefiderocol is active against Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, B. cepacia and A. baumannii and effective in the treatment of pneumonia in both non-ventilated and ventilated patients. Moreover, it has been used in the treatment of sepsis as a rescue therapy. Conclusion: Cefiderocol is an effective treatment for infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. However, more research is needed to learn more about the use of this drug, side effects and resistance mechanisms

Standards for scrotal ultrasonography

The paper presents a description of essential equipment requirements for scrotal ultrasonography, including current ultrasound techniques, as well as a review of the most common scrotal pathologies. Patient preparation for the examination as well as ultrasound methodology for the assessment of scrotal and inguinal canal structures are discussed. The standard for scrotal ultrasound examination includes a precise B-mode evaluation, including testicular volumetric assessment performed using automatic measurement options based on the formula of a rotating ellipsoid or three measurements perpendicular to one another. Also, criteria for morphological assessment of abnormalities within testicular or epididymal parenchyma, including a precise evaluation of lesion size, delineation, shape and vascular pattern obtained with Doppler US, have been proposed. Standard assessment further includes epididymal evaluation, including epididymal size in the case of enlargement. The paper additionally discusses the method of ultrasonographic examination and describes the most common pathologies occurring within scrotal structures, including a quantitative analysis of hydrocele and other abnormal fluid reservoirs. We have also presented criteria for the assessment of varicocele as well as color and spectral Doppler flows in scrotal pathologies. Furthermore, we have proposed key components of scrotal ultrasound documentation, so that the contained data could be used to establish appropriate diagnosis, allowing for both adequate clinical management and the reproducibility of subsequent US evaluations performed by either the same or a different examiner. The most common causes of diagnostic errors have also been discussed

Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii--the role of AdeABC (RND family) efflux pump in resistance to antibiotics.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen which play the more and more greater role in the pathogenicity of the human. It is often attached with the hospital environment, in which is able easily to survive for many days even in adverse conditions. Acinetobacter baumannii is the species responsible for a serious nosocomial infections, especially in the intensive care units. Option of surviving in natural niches, and in the hospital environment could also be associated with the efflux pump mechanisms. Mechanisms of efflux universally appear in all cells (eukaryotic and prokaryotic) and play the physiological important role. In prokaryote, the main functions are evasion of such naturally produced molecules, removal of metabolic products and toxins. These pumps could also be involved in an early stage of infection, such as adhesion to host cells and the colonization. Importantly, they remove commonly used antibiotics from the cell in therapy of infections caused by these bacteria. Efflux pumps exemplify a unique phenomenon in drug resistance: a single mechanism causing resistance against several different classes of antibiotics. In Acinetobacter baumannii, the AdeABC efflux pump, a member of the resistance-nodulation-cell division family (RND), has been well characterized. Aminoglicosides, tetracyclines, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones, some beta-lactams, and also recently tigecycline, were found to be substrates for this pump. Drugs, as substrates for the AdeABC pump, can increase the expression of the AdeABC genes, leading to multidrug resistance (MDR). From this reason, treatment failure and death caused by Acinetobacter baumannii infections or underlying diseases are common. Because the AdeABC pump is widespread in Acinetobacter baumannii, similarly to other pumps in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, exists a need of searching a new therapeutic solutions. Specific efflux inhibitors of pumps (EPIs), including AdeABC inhibitors, could be suppress the activity of pumps and restore the sensitivity of such important bacteria as Acinetobacter baumannii to commonly used antibiotic