Analisis Kestabilan Model Dinamik Aliran Fluida Dua Fase Pada Sumur Panas Bumi

In this paper is discussed about the analysis of the stability of fluid flow dynamical model of two phases on the geothermal wells. The form of the model is non-linear differential equation. To analyze the local stability around the equilibrium point, first, the non linear models of is linearized around the equilibrium point using Taylor series. Further, from linearized model, we find a Jacobian matrix, where all of the real eigen values of the Jacobian matrix are zeros. So that the behviour of the dynamical system obtained around the equilibrium point is stable

Dynamics of PH, Ferrum and Mangan, and Phosphorus on Newly Opened Paddy Soil Having High Soil Organic Matter on Rice Growth

Research had been carried out at the Research and Soil Testing Laboratory and Greenhouse of Soil Research Institute, Bogor using newly opened paddy soil from Pesisir Selatan districts, West Sumatra (one year old). Total treatments tested were 12 which were combination of farmer rate, NPK recommendation (½×; ¾×; 1½×), straw compost (½×; ¾×; 1½×), and dolomite. The trial was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. This research had been prepared in two units, one unit for observing plant response to nutrient management and another unit for incubation trial with the same treatment placed in the greenhouse.  Rice cultivar used was IR-42 in accordance to the preferred varieties of local farmers. The sampling method for measuring the solubility of Fe2+ and Mn2+, as well as the availability of PO43- was by centrifuge 50 g mud samples from the incubation pots then separated clear extract using filter paper. The observation results on dynamics of pH, Fe2+, Mn2+ and PO4-3 mainly occured in 1 to 14 days after submerging (incubation). After 14 days soil reaction had reached thermodynamic sequence of oxidation-reduction processes, the PO43- more available and pH of the soil reached the peak. The optimum dose of NPK fertilizer obtained 0.875 NPK or equal to 175 kg of urea, 87.5 kg of SP-36 and 87.5 kg KCl ha-1. The highest number of hills achieved from straw compost treatment 1½ organic matter (OM) or 3 tons with an increase of 20%. Application of ameliorant dolomite increased the number of tillers about 2-3%, but insignificantly different with no dolomite treatment.Keywords: Ferrum, mangan, paddy soil, phosphate,, rice, soil pH[How to Cite: Widowati LR and Sukristyonubowo. 2012. Dynamics of pH, Ferrum and Mangan, and Phosphorus on Newly Opened Paddy Soil having High Soil Organic Matter on Rice Growth. J Trop Soils 17 (1) : 1-8. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.1.1] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.1.1

Pengaruh Pupuk Majemuk NPKS Dan NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Padi Sawah Pada Inceptisol

Rate of NPK fertilization on rice using NPK compound fertilizer needs to consider soil nutrient status and plant nutrient requirement. The research was aimed to determine the optimum rate of compound fertilizer and the effect of enriched S nutrient of NPKS compound (15-15-15-5S) and NPK compound fertilizer (15-15-15) on the growth and yield of rice. The experiments were conducted at two sites in Galuga, Ciampea Bogor, West Java from April to September 2013, using randomised complete block design with 3 replications. Experiment at site I consisted of 9 treatments: six levels of fertilizers NPKS i.e. 0; 150; 300; 450; 600; and 750 kg/ha, standard fertilizer, NPK compound fertilizer equivalent to standard, and standard fertilizer plus S. Rate of urea, SP-36, and KCl for standard fertilizer treatment was respectively 250, 75, and 50 kg/ha. At site II the treatments consisted of 6 levels of NPK compound fertilizer i.e. 0; 150; 300; 450; 600; and 750 kg/ha and the standard fertilizer with rate of 250 kg/ha of urea, 50 kg/ha SP-36, and 75 kg/ha KCl. Plot size was 4 m x 5 m planted with Ciherang variety. Data collection included chemical properties of soil before and after the experiment, plant height, number of tillers, straw weight, and dry grain weight and the nutrient uptake. The effectiveness of fertilizer was calculated by RAE (Relative Agronomic Effectiveness). Results showed that fertilizer NPKS (15-15-15-5S) at 600 kg/ha effectively increased dry grain weight from 3.63 t/ha to 4.67 t/ha, but was not significantly different from a standard fertilizer treatment. It increased dry grain weight by 29% compared to control. NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) effectively promoted growth and dry grain weight equivalent to standard fertilizer at rate of 300-750 kgha. The optimum rate of NPK compound fertilizer (15-15-15) was 440 kg/ha as was shown with the production performance of 4.12 t/ha with RAE by 58%. NPKS compound fertilizer with rate of 750 kg/ha showed the highest uptake of N, P, and K nutrients and significantly increased the available P in the soil. Whereas NPK compound fertilizer with a rate of 600 kg/ha indicated the highest P nutrient uptake. Fertilizer enrichment with sulfur on NPKS fertilizer (15-15-15-5S) did not significant affect on grain dry weight

Nitrogen Dynamics and Nitrate Leaching in Intensive Vegetable Rotations in Highlands of Central Java, Indonesia

High rainfall intensity is major factor governing leaching process, where leaching is often the most important process of N loss from the field and lead to agricultural environmental pollution. In order to measure the movement of mineral-N in soil profile, a field research had been conducted in two sites of center vegetable farming area with six farmer cooperators in Central Java, Indonesia. Regular soil sampling was done from Improve Practice (IP) and Farmer Practice (FP) treatment for three planting seasons during 2007. Almost all treatments FP applied higher rate of N fertilizer compare to IP, but it was not reflected in N profile.  Comparison of predicted and measured mineral N content was simulated using Burns α  model, then the closeness of the estimation and measured calculated using Coefficient of Residual Mass (CRM) calculation as an indicator with 0 as ideal value.  Out of 9 measurements of IP and FP treatment, eight and seven measurements had negative CRM  representinga slight overestimation. The NO3-N loss estimated using the Burns α model for IP and FP was in average of 67% for IP and  71% for FP of total N fertilizer added or 67% for IP and 76% for FP of total-N surplus, respectively. The calculation of potential nitrate concentration (PNC) at 1 m soil depth at the end of the third season showed a high concentration with significant different of IP and FP having mean value of 59.8 and 82.5 mg N L-1. From the gathered data it was obvious that over N fertilization had negative effect to agricultural environment

Penggunaan Jamu Pada Pasien Hiperlipidemia Berdasarkan Data Rekam Medik, Di Beberapa Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Indonesia

Hyperlipidemias are disorders which are manifested by elevation of blood lipid, such as total cholesterol and/or triglyceride above the normal level. Hyperlipidemia management is done by lifestyle modification (high-fiber diet, exercises) as well as using antidyslipidemias. On the other hand, non-conventional or traditional treatment of hyperlipidemias using herbals (jamu) is becoming ubiquitous, performed by jamu practitioner clinician (dokter praktik jamu). This study is a part of a web-site Jamu Registry Study, which is intended to figure herbal (jamu) dispensed by jamu practitioner clinician for hyperlipidemic patients. A descriptive, cross-sectional design is applied, using medical record data of ‘jamu' patients from some health facilities, in 7 provinces in Indonesia. Results showed, out of 97 hyperlipidemic patients were mostly female (60.8%), aged 48-58 years (46.4%); most of them (62.9%) were treated merely with jamu for 1 – 2 weeks, and the rests were treated with jamu in combination with conventional and/or other alternative medication. The most jamu used were branded herbal capsules (55.7%) containing of Guazumae folium and Murrayae folium. Adverse events were reported in four cases i.e. diarrhea and diuresis

IPTEKS BAGI MASYARAKAT PONDOK MODERN GONTOR PUTRI 3 DALAM MEMANFAATKAN BUANGAN AIR WUDHU SANTRI UNTUK BUDIDAYA LELE DUMBO DALAM TERPAL, UPAYA MENUJU PESANTREN BERBASIS KEWIRAUSAHAAN

ABSTRAK    Ponpes Gontor Putri 3 memiliki jumlah santri yang merupakan potensi personalia yang cukup besar untuk menghasilkan input sumberdaya air, berupa sisa/buangan kegiatan pondok (khususnya air wudlu) untuk kegiatan budidaya perairan. Manfaat yang didapatkan berupa pemasukan tambahan dari hasil budidaya perairan yang memanfaatkan limbah tersebut dalam budidaya lele dumbo dalam kolam terpal (BULEPAL) berbasis kewirausahaan.  Tujuan dari program IbM ini adalah terjadi transfer pengetahuan dan pemahaman teknis budidaya oleh mitra terhadap aplikasi budidaya bersumber pada air limbah santri.  Metode yang digunakan adalah diseminasi teori, model, konsep, pembimbingan dan pelatihan yang dilakukan dengan membuat kolam percontohan (demontration plot) budidaya ikan lele.   Hasil pencapaian kemajuan program sampai saat ini adalah: (1) tercapainya transfer pengetahuan dan pemahaman teknis budidaya oleh mitra mengenai model dan konsep metode aplikasi teknologi budidaya perairan bagi kolam pembesaran ikan lele relatif telah terjadi dengan baik; (2) Limbah/Sisa Air Wudlu telah termanfaatkan dengan baik untuk budidaya pembesaran lele dengan kualitas air yang masih dalam kisaran normal dengan pemberian perlakuan filtrasi fisik (kolam retensi) dan perlakuan bio-filtrasi (pelepah batang pisang dan enceng gondok); (3) Kegiatan pembesaran lele yang berlangsung selama 7 minggu pemeliharaan menghasilkan panen sebesar 410 kg lele, dengan ukuran rata-rata 82 gram/ekor, rerata kelulushidupan mencapai 55% dan efisiensi pakan mencapai 1,21.  Saran yang dapat diberikan sebagai respon terhadap permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah perlunya antisipasi terhadap air hujan yang beresiko mempengaruhi pertumbuhan flok dan kualitas air serta penambahan luasan biofilter (pelepah batang pisang atau enceng gondok) sebesar 50% dari luasan seluruh permukaan kolam sebagai upaya pengendalian kualitas media budidaya terhadap bahan baku air limbah.

Cadmium Adsorption Capacity on Inceptisols Brebes and Its Uptake by Shallot as Plant Indicator

A research had been done in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Indonesian Center for Soil and Agroclimate Research and Developmant to study cadmium adsorption capacity, availability, and its uptake by shallot as plant indicator in order to antisipate Cd pollution in soil and plant in the future. The steps of the research were adsorption study in the laboratoryand followed by greenhouse trial. Cadmium adsorption study was using the rate of 0; 10; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70; 80; 90; and 100 ppm. The trial on response and plant uptake on cadmium used 2 kg soil pot-1 then planted with shallot var. Bima for 2 months. The experiment utilized completely randomized design with six treatments and three replicates. The rates of Cd were 0; 25; 50; 100; 200; and 400 ppm Cd (Cd(NO3)2). The results showed that Inceptisols Brebes adsorption, maximum adsorption, andbuffering capacity are 14.78 ml μg-1; 879 μg g-1 and 12,987 ml μg-1, respectively. The cadmium availability in the soil could be calculated by using the equation: Cdexchangeable = 0.0532(Cdapplied) – 1.6757, r2 = 0.9686 (after treatment); Cdexchangeable = 0.0671(Cdapplied) + 0.924, r2 = 0.9903 (after harvest). Application of 50 ppm Cd reduced shallot production up to 31% significant with total uptake of 4.57 ppm Cd. The Cd uptake increased significantly for treatment 25 ppm, Cd in shallot tuber(2.36 mg Cd per kg dry weight), and at 200 ppm Cd in leaves (7.16 mg kg-1). The cadmium content in tuber at treatment 2 ppm Cd (2.36 ppm Cd) exceeds critical value/permissible limit of vegetable for consumption

Gambaran Praktik Penggunaan Jamu oleh Dokter di Enam Provinsi di Indonesia

Herbal medicine has been widely used. Government supports become more obvious since the declaration of Saintifikasi Jamu in Januari 2010 in Kendal, Central Java. To obtain this program, inventory of herbal medicine usage by physicians was conducted. This was a cross sectional descriptive study in 6 provinces of Java and Bali. Doctors registered as member of herbal medicine related association were invited and asked to fill a set of structured questionnaire. A total of 108 physicians using Indonesian herbal medicine participated in this study. They were either general practitioners or specialists with median age of 43 (range 26-70 years old). They (76.9%) have used herbal medicine for 1-10 years with median of 2 patients per day (range 0-40). The physicians also practiced other traditional medicines such as acupuncture (47.2 %), massage (7.4 %), acupressure (6.5%). Besides prescribing herbal medicine to their patients, all physicians also consumed herbal medicine for themselves and their family. They used mainly with mono or combined herb in capsule and simplicia. Mostly herbal medicine were given to hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, acute upper respiratory disease, hepatitis, hyperuricemia, osteoarthritis, diarrhea, cancer, and gastritis. Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Andrographis paniculata, Curcuma domestica (turmeric), Centella asiatica, Orthosiphon aristatus, Apium graveolens (celery), Phylanthus niruri, Guazuma ulmifolia, Zingiber officinale, and Curcuma zedoaria were prescribed. As conclusion, most of the herbal physician in Java and Bali prescribed Indonesian herbal medicine in this 10 years periode combined with foreign herbal medicine and other traditional medicines but still using conventional medicine as the highest standard of theraphy. Key words: herbal medicine, Saintifikasi Jamu, traditional medicine AbstrakPemanfaatan jamu telah berkembang luas. Dukungan pemerintahpun semakin jelas sejak dicanangkannya Saintifikasi Jamu pada bulan Januari 2010 di Kendal. Untuk mencapai kegiatan ini, dilakukan pencatatan penggunaan jamu oleh dokter praktik. Studi deskriptif potong lintang ini dilakukan di 6 provinsi di Jawa dan Bali. Dokter yang terdaftar sebagai anggota perhimpunan seminat terkait jamu diundang dan diminta mengisi kuesioner terstruktur. Sejumlah 108 dokter praktik yang menggunakan jamu asli Indonesia berusia 26-70 tahun, baik dokter umum maupun spesialis, berpendidikan strata 1 hingga strata 3 bersedia menjadi responden. Sebanyak 76,9 % dokter melakukan praktik jamu antara 110 tahun dengan median 2 pasien/hari (kisaran 040). Dokter praktik jamu juga melakukan cara pengobatan tradisional lain seperti akupunktur (47,2 %), pijat/releksi (7,4 %), akupresur (6,5 %). Selain memberikan jamu untuk pasien, semua dokter juga memanfaatkan jamu untuk diri sendiri dan keluarga. Lebih banyak menggunakan jamu asli Indonesia bentuk tunggal atau ramuan dalam sediaan kapsul maupun rebusan simplisia. Jamu terutama untuk pengobatan hipertensi, dislipidemia, diabetes mellitus, ISPA, hepatitis, hiperurisemia, osteoartritis, diare, kanker, dan gastritis. Jenis bahan jamu yang banyak dipakai adalah temulawak, sambiloto, kunyit, pegagan, kumis kucing, seledri, meniran, jati Belanda, jahe, dan kunir putih. Sebagai kesimpulan, sebagian besar dokter praktik jamu di Jawa Bali sudah melakukan praktik menggunakan jamu asli Indonesia dalam 10 tahun terakhir dipadu dengan obat tradisional yang berasal dari luar negeri dan pengobatan tradisional lain namun pengobatan konvensional masih dipegang sebagai standar pengobatan tertinggi. Kata kunci: jamu, saintifikasi jamu, pengobatan tradisiona