PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE INTRACELLULER PHYTASE FROM RECOMBINANT BACTERIA pEAS1AMP

This research was aimed at producing a crude intracellular phytase characterized from recombinant bacteria. The recombinant bacteria (pEAS1AMP) was produced by way of transforming pET-22b(+) +pEAS1 into competent E. coli BL21 and E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. Crude intracellular phytase production was induced using 1,5 mM Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosid (IPTG). Recombinant bacteria product and enzyme activity test followed the Sajidan method. E. coli BL21(+)pEAS1 and E. coli BL21 (DE3)(+)pEAS1 recombinant bacteria showed growth after 20 hours and 10 hours of transformation. Phytase activity of E. coli BL21 (DE3)(+)+pEAS1 showed higher than those of E. coli BL21(+)+pEAS1. Crude intracellular phytase of pEAS1AMP recombinant bacteria has an optimum activity at pH 5, 40o C, incubation period of 60 minutes, substrate concentration of 2%, molecular weight (MW) of 47.3 kDa, Km = 15.91 υM and Vm = 2.41 υM/second. Mg2+ acts as a cofactor but Fe3+ (10-4 M) acts as an inhibitor. Keywords: bacteria recombinant pEAS1AMP, competent cells, crude intracellular phytas

In Vitro Stability of Phytase from Recombinant Bacteria E. Coli BL21 (DE3) EAS1-AMP

The objective of the research was to inquire the Km, Vm, activity, intracellular phytase stability exposed to pH variation, temperature variation and protease (pepsin and pancreas) in vitro. The phytase was produced from recombinant bacteria E. coli BL21(DE3) EAS1-AMP using 1.5 mM IPTG as inducer. Intracellular enzyme was extracted via freeze shock and centrifugation. Pure enzyme was acquired through NI-NTA agarose column. The enzyme was then tested for Km, Vm, phytase activity and stability against pH, temperature and protease. Treatment levels for stability against protease were P0: without protease, P1: addition of pepsin, P2: addition of pepsin and pancreas, and the data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance of one-way Completely Randomized Design. Crude intracellular phytase had Vm 6.39 υM/sec, Km 34.82 υM, and 277 units activity. Intracellular phytas was stable at pH 4–6 and 0–550 C. Protease level influenced the activity of intracellular phytase (P<0.05). Intracellular phytase was stable against pepsin but not pancreas. Keywords: Km, Vm, activity, intracellular phytase, pH, temperature, protease

Congener specific analysis of polychlorinated terphenyls

In order to identify and to quantify polychlorinated terphenyls (PCT) in environmental matrices, the chro- matographic behavior of coplanar and non-coplanar congeners was evaluated. A mixture of 16 single PCT congeners was used for method development. Four of these compounds were synthesized for the first time by SUZUKI-coupling reaction. These were p-PCT (2,200 ,6,600 -tetrachloro-, 20 ,3,300 ,4,400 ,50 ,-hexachloro-, 20 ,3,300 ,5,50 ,500 -hexachloro-) and m-PCT (2,200 ,3,300 ,5,500 -hexachloro-). They were characterized by NMR ( 1 H, 13 C) spectroscopy. By means of the new column chromatographic clean-up reported here, a good matrix removal and the separation of the coplanar PCT congeners from the non-coplanar ones was obtained. The recovery rates for all congeners were good for the PCT in different test matrices like fat, charcoal, and soil. The quality of the clean-up, the separation and the recovery rates were determined by GC/MS analysis. The method was applied for the first time to a real sample from a fire accident, where different PCT, obviously formed during the combustion process, were found. The conclusion is drawn that this method is suitable for the analysis of PCT in different environmental samples

ANXIETY IN ANDREA BERLOFF’S WORLD TRADE CENTRE: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH

The study is to reveal how the struggle for better life of the major character, John McLoughlin, influences his personality. The objective of the study is to analyze the movie based on the structural analysis and the psychoanalytic analysis. This study is a qualitative study. The object of the study is Andrea Berloff’s World Trade Centre. The data sources are divided into two, namely primary data source and secondary data source. In collecting the data, the writer watches the movie and uses library research by collecting and selecting the appropriate data from many sources. The technique of the data analysis, the writer uses descriptive technique. After analyzing the movie of Andrea Berloff’s World Trade Centre, the writer concluded that there are several aspects of psychoanalytic approach of the major character. The aspects consist of id, ego and superego. The anxieties of the major character consist of reality anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety. . The conflict of the three elements of John McLoughlin personality occurs, influencing his mental condition and causing his anxiety. Anxiety attacks him when he is in a complicated situation and it forces the ego to make decision between the conflicts o the id and the superego. The cause of his anxiety comes from the situation that threats him and puts him in dangerous and deadly situation

Teknologi Konservasi Untuk Penanganan Kawasan Resapan Air Dalam Suatu Daerah Aliran Sungai

Perkembangan pembangunan dan pertumbuhan penduduk yang sangat pesat mengakibatkan kebutuhan akan air juga akan meningkat. Kebutuhan air bersih saat ini umumnya dipenuhi dari air tanah, padahal jumlah air tanah relatif tetap dan cenderung menurun karena berkurangnya resapan air ke dalam air tanah, sehingga terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara pemasukan dengan pengambilan air tanah. Untuk itulah perlu dilakukan USAha-USAha untuk meningkatkan pemasukan (recharge) air tanah. Salah satu cara yang umum dilakukan adalah dengan menetapkan kawasan-kawasan resapan air sebagai kawasan lindung selain itu perlu dikembangkan pula berbagai macam teknologi konservasi yang lebih pro- aktif baik yang bersifat vegetatif maupun non-vegetatif. Beberapa alternatif teknologi konservasi untuk meningkatkan imbuhan/resapan air ke dalam tanah adalah :1. Melakukan upaya rehabilitasi lahan dan konservasi tanah baik secara vegetatif seperti : reboisasi, hutan kemasyarakatan, strip cropping system, tumpangsari, dll; maupun secara mekanis/teknis seperti : terasering, saluran/parit jebakan, bangunan bendung penahan, dll2. Melakukan imbuhan buatan, dengan cara sistem imbas, injeksi, ditch and forrow dan spreading recharge.3. Pembuatan sistem peresapan air hujan seperti sumur resapan atau parit resapan

The Criticism on the Meaning of “Open Legal Policy” in Verdicts of Judicial Review at the Constitutional Court

In several verdicts of judicial review, the Constitutional Court formulates a concept of Open Legal Policy. The concept begins from a condition when a norm of law submitted to judicial review by the 1945 Constitution does not have reference in the 1945 Constitution. In other words, the open legal policy is a condition when the Constitutional Court cannot find any reference for the norm submitted to the judicial review. By using a construction method, this present research tries to find the meaning of a concept of open legal policy arranged by the Constitutional Court, then assessing whether the concept is in line with the spirit of judicial review. If the formulation of the concept done by the Constitutional Court has not been ideal, the deconstruction will be conducted toward the meaning that already exists until the open legal policy ideal with the perspective of the constitution is found. In this research, the finding shows different meaning of open legal policy between various verdicts of the Constitutional Court. Moreover, a new meaning is proposed including improvement of criteria of the open legal policy based on the difference between the object of regulation (what) and the content of the regulation (how)

Menakar Konstitusionalitas Sebuah Kebijakan Hukum Terbuka Dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang

This study attempts to elaborate the definition of the “open legal policy” concept which has stated by the Constitutional Court as the autonomy of the Law- making body whenever UUD 1945 as the constitution did not regulate particular substances of a Law that is being made. In order to prevent this autonomy leans toward arbitrariness, it is necessary to establish a model of review towards open legal policies. One feasable option that the Constitutional Court could adapt is the "maximin" strategy (selecting the best option in numbers of bad possibilities) which is developed from the rational choice approach