Investigação para a paz: passado, presente e futuro

El camino de consolidación de la disciplina sobre los estudios para la paz está marcado por varios momentos de crisis de identidad, en que se han manifestados profundos debates epistemológicos. Como resultado, en los estudios para la paz se encuentran hasta hoy tres temas elementales y esenciales, que en este texto se busca delimitarlos. El primer es la amplitud de su orientación para los valores y las políticas específicas. El segundo es su lugar en un campo cognitivo competitivo. Y el tercer es la magnitud establecida a la no-violencia en los procesos de cambios políticos.The affirmation pathway for investigating peace as a discipline shows different periods of identity crisis, expressed in extensive epistemological debates. Due to the growth of this dilemma, three structural and essential issues that this text seeks to delimit are in question in the investigation for peace. The first is the reach of its orientation for concrete values and policies. The second is the definition of its place in a disputed cognitive territory. And the third is the density of nonviolence in political transformation processes.O percurso de afirmação da investigação para a paz como disciplina assinala diferentes momentos de crise de identidade, expressos em densos debates epistemológicos. Como resultado desse crescimento dilemático, a investigação para a paz continua hoje atravessada por três questões conformadoras essenciais que este texto procura delimitar. A primeira é a do alcance da sua orientação para valores e políticas concretas. A segunda é a do seu lugar num território cognitivo disputado. E a terceira é a da densidade conferida à não-violência nos processos de transformação política

Nordic peace : another dimension of Nordic exceptionalism

Aineisto on Opiskelijakirjaston digitoimaa ja Opiskelijakirjasto vastaa aineiston käyttöluvist

Investigação para a Paz: Passado, presente e futuro

O percurso de afirmação da Investigação para a Paz como disciplina assinala diferentes momentos de crise de identidade, expressos em densos debates epistemológicos. Como resultado desse crescimento dilemático, a Investigação para a Paz continua hoje atravessada por três questões conformadoras essenciais que este texto procura delimitar. A primeira é a do alcance da sua orientação para valores e políticas concretas. A segunda é a do seu lugar num território cognitivo disputado. E a terceira é a da densidade conferida à não-violência nos processos de transformação política.The trajectory of affirmation of peace research as a discipline has been marked at different moments by identity crises, expressed in dense epistemological debates. As a result of its dilemmatic growth, Peace Research is today still dominated by three fundamental questions which this text attempts to discuss. The first is its orientation towards specific values and policies; the second is related to its place in a contested cognitive territory; the third involves the importance given to non-violence in processes of political change.Le parcours de l’affirmation de la recherche pour la paix en tant que discipline révèle différents moments de crise d’identité, exprimés à travers des débats épistémologiques denses. Comme résultat des dilemmes associés à ce développement, la recherche pour la paix est encore aujourd’hui traversée par trois questions conséquentes essentielles, que le texte présent cherche à délimiter. La première est celle de la portée de son orientation pour ce qui est des valeurs et des politiques concrètes. La deuxième concerne sa place dans un territoire cognitif disputé. Et la troisième porte sur la densité conférée à la non-violence dans les processus de transformation politique

Pharmaceuticals in source separated sanitation systems: Fecal sludge and blackwater treatment

This study investigated, for the first time, the occurrence and fate of 29 multiple-class pharmaceuticals (PhACs) in two source separated sanitation systems based on: (i) batch experiments for the anaerobic digestion (AD) of fecal sludge under mesophilic (37 `C) and thermophilic (52 "C) conditions, and (ii) a full-scale blackwater treatment plant using wet composting and sanitation with urea addition. Results revealed high concentrations of PhACs in raw fecal sludge and blackwater samples, with concentrations up to hundreds of pg L-1 and fig kg-1 dry weight (dw) in liquid and solid fractions, respectively. For mesophilic and thermophilic treatments in the batch experiments, average PhACs removal rates of 31% and 45%, respectively, were observed. The average removal efficiency was slightly better for the full-scale blackwater treatment, with 49% average removal, and few compounds, such as atenolol, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide, showed almost complete degradation. In the AD treatments, no significant differences were observed between mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. For the full-scale blackwater treatment, the aerobic wet composting step proved to be the most efficient in PhACs reduction, while urea addition had an almost negligible effect for most PhACs, except for citalopram, venlafaxine, oxazepam, valsartan and atorvastatin, for which minor reductions (on average 25%) were observed. Even though both treatment systems reduced initial PhACs loads considerably, significant PhAC concentrations remained in the treated effluents, indicating that fecal sludge and blackwater fertilizations could be a relevant vector for dissemination of PhACs into agricultural fields and thus the environment. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Epistemologiska aspekter på Hans Mouritzen; Finlandization

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Investigação para a Paz: Passado, presente e futuro

The trajectory of affirmation of peace research as a discipline has been marked at different moments by identity crises, expressed in dense epistemological debates. As a result of its dilemmatic growth, Peace Research is today still dominated by three fundamental questions which this text attempts to discuss. The first is its orientation towards specific values and policies; the second is related to its place in a contested cognitive territory; the third involves the importance given to non-violence in processes of political change

Adaptive solid wave propagation - Influences of boundary conditions in high-speed train applications

Wave propagation in solid materials is of great interest in many engineering applications. The fact that the area of interest changes with time creates a number of computational problems such as the need for a mesh density varying in space and time. This means that the mesh must be continuously updated and controlled, rendering a large demand of computer effort. In certain applications like railway mechanics there are mobile loads. A load speed close to the natural speed in the underlying soil causes specific problems, shock waves being one of them. The transmitted waves have to leave the defined finite element domain without reflection, which imposes a need for certain modelling methods. The paper will deal with quality controlled FE-procedures for wave propagation including error estimation and mesh refinement/coarsening. As an application an important problem from railway mechanics is considered. When a high-speed train approaches an area with decreasing thickness of underlying soft soil on a stiff rock it is expected that the reflection of the wave will increase the total amplitude of the wave. We will study this problem with the procedures described above in full 3D with partly absorbing boundaries. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Towards Integrated Vehicle-track.underground Modelling of Train Induced Wave Propagation

A moving train is a complex dynamic system. It may cause propagating waves to the surroundings potentially leading to detrimental effects for the train itself, the track construction as well as the surroundings. In special circumstances with a combination of soft soil and high speed a shock wave can appear and cause severe damage. Previous reports from the group have shown studies of this problem under a load representing the moving train. A hybrid FEM/SBFEM procedure has been developed to eliminate unwanted reflections from the unbounded region outside the FEM discretised body. This paper intends to integrate the vehicle, track and underground into a complete dynamic system. The Lagrangian equations of motion for a high-speed train have been inserted into the system of equations of the FEM elastic problem for the rest of the structure. Two different velocities have been used to simulate passage in typical Swedish conditions. The resulting vibrations are presented and analysed