Sleep quality and awareness of factors affecting insomnia among people over the age of 20

Introduction: The problem of insomnia affects many of us, but most of us are unaware of what factors affect the quality of our sleep. Insomnia is insufficient length, or unsatisfactory quality of sleep. Health consequences of insomnia may be m.in .: problems in daily functioning manifested by difficulties in remembering, impaired concentration, reduced immunity, which increases the possibility of multiple somatic diseases. Objective of the work: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of insomnia and its determinants in a selected group of people over the age of 20. Material and methods : The research was covered by 119 people from different social groups over the age of 20 years old. The study was made by using a diagnostic survey of the author's questionnaire. Used for statistical analysis chi-kwardat Pearson. Results and conclusions: The analysis of the data shows that people surveyed insomnia is a very common phenomenon. Unfortunately, factors affecting Insomnie are not underestimated by. Both individuals living in rural 65.55% and urban 34.45% suffer from sleep disorders. As many as 39.50% of respondents confirmed the difficulty in falling asleep, which are among the factors insomnia

Praca w nocy

According to the regulations, work may be performer both during the day and during the night. The Labour Code allows working during the night as a rule, stating only a few exceptions from it. Working at night causes the exhaustion of the employee, who is forced to adapt organism to night shifts. This kind of work upsets the circadian clock regulated by daylight. Working at night may be harmful to the employee’s health and it may also be a hazard to the safety of other employees. Therefore, working at night should be restricted to specific cases justifying it.Zgodnie z obowiązującymi przepisami praca może być wykonywana zarówno w dzień, jak i w nocy. Kodeks pracy dopuszcza pracę w nocy jako zasadę, ustanawiając jedynie kilka od niej wyjątków. Praca w nocy powoduje wyczerpanie pracownika, który zmuszony jest adaptować swój organizm do nocnych zmian. Praca taka zaburza naturalny rytm życia człowieka, regulowany dopływem światła dziennego. Wykonywanie pracy w nocy może być szkodliwe dla zdrowia pracownika, może też zagrażać bezpieczeństwu innych zatrudnionych. W związku z tym praca w nocy powinna zostać ograniczona wyłącznie do określonych przypadków ją uzasadniających.  

Creating the image of clothing brands on the example of MOHITO brand

Celem poniższej pracy jest sprawdzenie i zbadanie jak funkcjonuje na polskim rynku kształtowanie wizerunku marki odzieżowej. Innowacyjność badań, które znajdują się w poniższym tekście, polegają na tym, że są to jedne z pierwszych na temat wizerunku i pozycjonowania firmy związanej z przemysłem odzieżowym, także warto je szerzej przybliżyć. Badania pokazały, ze klientki identyfikują się z wizerunkiem marki w której kupują ubrania (80%), dlatego bardzo ważne jest dla nich reklama, sesje wizerunkowe, promocje. Okazało się, że dla 90% badanych reklama wyżej wymienionej marki jest niedostrzegalna, a informacje o produktach czerpią od znajomych czy podczas zakupów. Problem jest interesujące gdyż firma jest bardzo mocno pozycjonowana w internecie, a według materiałów firmowych LPP, marka bardzo prężnie działa wchodzą w kolaboracje z osobami znanymi, współpracując z blogerami modowymi, czy organizując akcje dla klientek w swoich showroomach. Dostrzegalne jest, że kampanie marketingowe i informacje pojawiają się głównie w sieci. Patrząc z perspektywy globalnej na problem w bardzo dobry sposób kształtowanie i pozycjonowanie firm, a także mechanizmy z tym związane opisuje książka „No Logo” Naomi Kleine, gdzie dokładnie zobrazowany jest problem od samego powstawania firmy, poprzez jej kampanie marketingowe, promocje, które wykorzystuje by stać się rozpoznawalną i zyskać klientów. Książka „Zakupologia” Martina Lindstrona oczami klienta pokazuje jaki wpływ na niego mają zabiegi marketingowe, co powoduje, że kupuje właśnie ten produkt. Poza książkami które w sposób bezpośredni dotykają problemów kształtowania wizerunku, lokowania produktów czy pozycjonowania marek i skupiają się na firmach, ważne by zwrócić uwagę na same ogólne założenia marketingowe w książce „Marketing. Punkt zwrotny nowoczesnej firmy”, jak z definicji wygląda marketing, sponsoring czy kreowanie wizerunku.The aim of this paper is to check how the marketing works in clothing business on the Polish market. Innovation research, which are located in the following text, are very important because they are one of the first studies which describe and investigate the textile industry. It’s showing how the companies are creating brands and image. Research have shown that customers identify with the brand image where they buying a clothes (80%), which is why advertising, fashion photoshoots, promotions, ale very important for them. I found that for 90% of the respondents the advertising of the Mohito is invisible, they can’t see it in the television or fashion magazines. The information about the brand they have from friends or when they are in the Shopping Malls. The problem is interesting because the company is strongly positioned in the Internet, and according to LPP (owner of the brand) materials, Mohito brand dynamically works for the position in fashion industry, included collaborations with well-known people, working with the fashion bloggers, or organizing special promotions for customers in their showrooms. It is a fact that the advertising and marketing campaigns is very strong and very visible in the network. Looking into a global perspective of the problem the very important book is the "No Logo" Naomi Kleine where the people can see the formation of the company, through their marketing campaigns, promotions. The book "Zakupologia" Martin Lindstrona shows how the big influence have a marketing and PR on the customers, why they buy a products, what they feel. Besides the books which showing the specific brands, fashion industry, product placement and positioning, it's important to pay attention to the general principles of marketing in the book "Marketing . The turning point of modern business, " it showing the definition that every brand use every day

The Effect of Oral Isotretinoin Therapy on Meibomian Gland Characteristics in Patients with Acne Vulgaris

Abstract Introduction The aim of the study was to determine the effect of oral isotretinoin therapy on the functional and morphological condition of the anterior segment of the eye, with particular emphasis on the meibomian glands. Methods Twenty-four patients (48 eyes) with a diagnosis of acne vulgaris were involved in the survey. All patients underwent a thorough ophthalmological examination at three time points: before therapy, 3 months after the start of therapy, and 1 month after the completion of isotretinoin therapy. The physical examination included the following elements: blink rate, analysis of the lid margin abnormality score (LAS), tear film break-up time (TFBUT) and Schirmer’s test, meibomian gland loss (MGL), and the evaluation of the meibum quality score (MQS) and meibum expressibility score (MES). Additionally, the total score of an ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire was analysed. Results In comparison with pretreatment values, significant increases in OSDI during and after the treatment (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004, respectively) were observed. Substantial deterioration during the treatment was observed for MGL (p < 0.0001), MQS (p < 0.001) and LAS (p < 0.0001), while an improvement in those parameters after isotretinoin cessation was observed (p = 0.006, p = 0.02 and p = 0.0003, respectively). The frequency of using artificial eye drops was positively associated with MGL during (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (Rs) =  + 0.31; p = 0.03) and after the cessation of the therapy (Rs =  + 0.28; p = 0.04). Meibomian gland atrophy correlated significantly with MQS during (Rs =  + 0.29; p = 0.04) and after treatment (Rs =  + 0.38; p = 0.008). The decrease in TFBUT values correlated with increased LAS (Rs = − 0.31; p = 0.03) during the course of isotretinoin usage. We found no changes in Schirmer's test or blink rates. Conclusion Isotretinoin therapy leads to increased ocular complaints related to lipid tear film component dysfunction. This is due to reversible changes in meibomian gland morphology and function observed during drug usage

Long-Term Effects of Adjuvant Intravitreal Treatment with Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Lineage-Negative Cells in Retinitis Pigmentosa

Background. Autologous bone marrow-derived lineage-negative (Lin−) cells present antiapoptotic and neuroprotective activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel autologous Lin− cell therapy during a 12-month follow-up period. Methods. Intravitreal injection of Lin− cells in 30 eyes with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) was performed. The fellow eyes (FEs) were considered control eyes. Functional and morphological eye examinations were performed before and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the injection. Results. Patients whose symptoms started less than 10 years ago gained 14±10 letters, while those with a longer disease duration gained 2.86±8.54 letters compared to baseline at the 12-month follow-up (p=0.021). There were significantly higher differences in response densities of P1-wave amplitudes in the first ring of multifocal ERGs in treated eyes than FE recordings in all follow-up points were detected. Accordingly, the mean deviation in 10-2 static perimetry improved significantly in the treated eyes compared with fellow eyes 12 months after the procedure. The QoL scores improved significantly and lasted until the 9-month visit. Conclusion. Lin− cell-based therapy is safe and effective, especially for a well-selected group of RP patients who still maintained good function of the foveal cones

Prevalence of <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. and the Whole-Genome Characteristics of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Strains Isolated from Free-Living Birds in Poland

Enterococci as opportunistic bacteria are important for human health. Due to the prevalence and ease of acquisition and transfer of their genes, they are an excellent indicator of environmental contamination and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of Enterococcus spp. in wild birds in Poland, determination of antimicrobial susceptibility and WGS analysis of Enterococcus (E.) faecium and E. faecalis. For this purpose, 138 samples from various species of free-living birds were tested, with 66.7% positive results. Fourteen species were detected, with E. faecalis being the most common, followed by E. casseliflavus and E. hirae. In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 10.0% of E. faecalis and 50.0% of E. faecium showed resistance to one antimicrobial agent, in addition the MDR phenotype which was found in one E. faecium. The most common resistance phenotype included tetracycline and quinupristin/dalfopristin. The WGS analysis confirmed the significant advantage of the virulence gene diversity of E. faecalis strains over E. faecium. In addition, plasmid replicons were found in 42.0% of E. faecalis and 80.0% of E. faecium. The obtained results confirm free-living birds can be a reservoir of Enterococcus spp. with a considerable zoonotic potential

Global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on subarachnoid haemorrhage hospitalisations, aneurysm treatment and in-hospital mortality: 1-year follow-up

Background: Prior studies indicated a decrease in the incidences of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated differences in the incidence, severity of aSAH presentation, and ruptured aneurysm treatment modality during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the preceding year. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 49 countries and 187 centres. We recorded volumes for COVID-19 hospitalisations, aSAH hospitalisations, Hunt-Hess grade, coiling, clipping and aSAH in-hospital mortality. Diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes or stroke databases from January 2019 to May 2021. Results: Over the study period, there were 16 247 aSAH admissions, 344 491 COVID-19 admissions, 8300 ruptured aneurysm coiling and 4240 ruptured aneurysm clipping procedures. Declines were observed in aSAH admissions (-6.4% (95% CI -7.0% to -5.8%), p=0.0001) during the first year of the pandemic compared with the prior year, most pronounced in high-volume SAH and high-volume COVID-19 hospitals. There was a trend towards a decline in mild and moderate presentations of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) (mild: -5% (95% CI -5.9% to -4.3%), p=0.06; moderate: -8.3% (95% CI -10.2% to -6.7%), p=0.06) but no difference in higher SAH severity. The ruptured aneurysm clipping rate remained unchanged (30.7% vs 31.2%, p=0.58), whereas ruptured aneurysm coiling increased (53.97% vs 56.5%, p=0.009). There was no difference in aSAH in-hospital mortality rate (19.1% vs 20.1%, p=0.12). Conclusion: During the first year of the pandemic, there was a decrease in aSAH admissions volume, driven by a decrease in mild to moderate presentation of aSAH. There was an increase in the ruptured aneurysm coiling rate but neither change in the ruptured aneurysm clipping rate nor change in aSAH in-hospital mortality

Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Mortality

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent studies suggested an increased incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated the volume of CVT hospitalization and in-hospital mortality during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the preceding year. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study of 171 stroke centers from 49 countries. We recorded COVID-19 admission volumes, CVT hospitalization, and CVT in-hospital mortality from January 1, 2019, to May 31, 2021. CVT diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes or stroke databases. We additionally sought to compare the same metrics in the first 5 months of 2021 compared to the corresponding months in 2019 and 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04934020). RESULTS: There were 2,313 CVT admissions across the 1-year pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic year (2020); no differences in CVT volume or CVT mortality were observed. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT volumes compared to 2019 (27.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 24.2 to 32.0; P CONCLUSIONS: During the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic, CVT hospitalization volume and CVT in-hospital mortality did not change compared to the prior year. COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with higher CVT in-hospital mortality. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT hospitalization volume and increase in CVT-related mortality, partially attributable to VITT