Persistence of the impact of the Hood River Conservation Project on typical and peak loads three years after weatherization

The Hood River Conservation Project (HRCP) was a major residential retrofit demonstration project, operated by Pacific Power Light Company (Pacific Power) between 1984 and 1988, and funded by the Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville). The project was designed to install as many cost-effective retrofit measures in as many electrically heated homes as possible in the community of Hood River, Oregon. The Pacific Power HRCP planners statistically selected a special group of 320 Hood River homes that represented a cross-section of the community. The end-use loads (electric space heating, electric water heating, and woodfuel space heating) and the interior temperatures of these homes were monitored for one year before weatherization and three years after weatherization. After more than four years of submetered data collection, 220 single-family, detached homes were available for analysis in the second load study. Weather was normalized for the four heating seasons by matching one day from the pre-program year with one day from each postretrofit year

Target Fragmentation in Semi-Inclusive DIS: Fracture Functions, Cut Vertices and the OPE

We discuss semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) in the z -> 1 limit, in particular the relationship between fracture functions, generalised cut vertices and Green functions of the composite operators arising in the OPE. The implications, in the spin-polarised case, for testing whether the "proton spin" effect is target-independent are explored. Explicit calculations in (phi^3)_6 theory are presented which are consistent with our observations.Comment: 22 pages, 25 figures, LaTeX 2e; uses graphics packag

Directional wind measurement derived from elastic backscatter lidar data in real time

The development of a capability to infer wind velocities simultaneously at a number of ranges along one direction in real time is described. The elastic backscatter lidar data used was obtained using the XM94 lidar, developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory for the US Army Chemical and Biological Detection Command. In some respects this problem is simpler than measuring wind velocities on meso-meteorological scales. Other requirements, particularly high temporal fidelity, have driven the development of faster software algorithms and suggested opportunities for the evolution of the hardware

Dynamics of liquid He-4 in confined geometries from Time-Dependent Density Functional calculations

We present numerical results obtained from Time-Dependent Density Functional calculations of the dynamics of liquid He-4 in different environments characterized by geometrical confinement. The time-dependent density profile and velocity field of He-4 are obtained by means of direct numerical integration of the non-linear Schrodinger equation associated with a phenomenological energy functional which describes accurately both the static and dynamic properties of bulk liquid He-4. Our implementation allows for a general solution in 3-D (i.e. no symmetries are assumed in order to simplify the calculations). We apply our method to study the real-time dynamics of pure and alkali-doped clusters, of a monolayer film on a weakly attractive surface and a nano-droplet spreading on a solid surface.Comment: q 1 tex file + 9 Ps figure

Anisotropic exchange interaction of localized conduction-band electrons in semiconductor structures

The spin-orbit interaction in semiconductors is shown to result in an anisotropic contribution into the exchange Hamiltonian of a pair of localized conduction-band electrons. The anisotropic exchange interaction exists in semiconductor structures which are not symmetric with respect to spatial inversion, for instance in bulk zinc-blend semiconductors. The interaction has both symmetric and antisymmetric parts with respect to permutation of spin components. The antisymmetric (Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya) interaction is the strongest one. It contributes significantly into spin relaxation of localized electrons; in particular, it governs low-temperature spin relaxation in n-GaAs with the donor concentration near 10^16cm-3. The interaction must be allowed for in designing spintronic devices, especially spin-based quantum computers, where it may be a major source of decoherence and errors

Direct observation by resonant tunneling of the B^+ level in a delta-doped silicon barrier

We observe a resonance in the conductance of silicon tunneling devices with a delta-doped barrier. The position of the resonance indicates that it arises from tunneling through the B^+ state of the boron atoms of the delta-layer. Since the emitter Fermi level in our devices is a field-independent reference energy, we are able to directly observe the diamagnetic shift of the B^+ level. This is contrary to the situation in magneto-optical spectroscopy, where the shift is absorbed in the measured ionization energy.Comment: submitted to PR

The Sachs-Wolfe Effect: Gauge Independence and a General Expression

In this paper we address two points concerning the Sachs-Wolfe effect: (i) the gauge independence of the observable temperature anisotropy, and (ii) a gauge-invariant expression of the effect considering the most general situation of hydrodynamic perturbations. The first result follows because the gauge transformation of the temperature fluctuation at the observation event only contributes to the isotropic temperature change which, in practice, is absorbed into the definition of the background temperature. Thus, we proceed without fixing the gauge condition, and express the Sachs-Wolfe effect using the gauge-invariant variables.Comment: 5 pages, closer to published versio

Large scale numerical investigation of excited states in poly(phenylene)

A density matrix renormalisation group scheme is developed, allowing for the first time essentially exact numerical solutions for the important excited states of a realistic semi-empirical model for oligo-phenylenes. By monitoring the evolution of the energies with chain length and comparing them to the experimental absorption peaks of oligomers and thin films, we assign the four characteristic absorption peaks of phenyl-based polymers. We also determine the position and nature of the nonlinear optical states in this model.Comment: RevTeX, 10 pages, 4 eps figures included using eps

Magnetic field diagnostics and spatio-temporal variability of the solar transition region

Magnetic field diagnostics of the transition region from the chromosphere to the corona faces us with the problem that one has to apply extreme UV spectro-polarimetry. While for coronal diagnostic techniques already exist through infrared coronagraphy above the limb and radio observations on the disk, for the transition region one has to investigate extreme UV observations. However, so far the success of such observations has been limited, but there are various projects to get spectro-polarimetric data in the extreme UV in the near future. Therefore it is timely to study the polarimetric signals we can expect for such observations through realistic forward modeling. We employ a 3D MHD forward model of the solar corona and synthesize the Stokes I and Stokes V profiles of C IV 1548 A. A signal well above 0.001 in Stokes V can be expected, even when integrating for several minutes in order to reach the required signal-to-noise ratio, despite the fact that the intensity in the model is rapidly changing (just as in observations). Often this variability of the intensity is used as an argument against transition region magnetic diagnostics which requires exposure times of minutes. However, the magnetic field is evolving much slower than the intensity, and thus when integrating in time the degree of (circular) polarization remains rather constant. Our study shows the feasibility to measure the transition region magnetic field, if a polarimetric accuracy on the order of 0.001 can be reached, which we can expect from planned instrumentation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Solar Physics (4.Mar.2013), 19 pages, 9 figure