Grain refinement control in TIG arc welding

A method for controlling grain size and weld puddle agitation in a tungsten electrode inert gas welding system to produce fine, even grain size and distribution is disclosed. In the method the frequency of dc welding voltage pulses supplied to the welding electrode is varied over a preselected frequency range and the arc gas voltage is monitored. At some frequency in the preselected range the arc gas voltage will pass through a maximum. By maintaining the operating frequency of the system at this value, maximum weld puddle agitation and fine grain structure are produced

Special mandrel permits uniform welding of out-of-round tubing

Clamp holds irregularly shaped pieces in lathe chuck without damage and eliminates excessive time in selecting optimum mounting. Interchangeable jaws ride in standard jaw slots but swivel so that the jaw face bears evenly against the workpiece regardless of contour. The jaws can be used on both engine and turret lathes

Automated reduction of instantaneous flow field images

An automated data reduction system for the analysis of interference fringe patterns obtained using the particle image velocimetry technique is described. This system is based on digital image processing techniques that have provided the flexibility and speed needed to obtain more complete automation of the data reduction process. As approached here, this process includes scanning/searching for data on the photographic record, recognition of fringe patterns of sufficient quality, and, finally, analysis of these fringes to determine a local measure of the velocity magnitude and direction. The fringe analysis as well as the fringe image recognition are based on full frame autocorrelation techniques using parallel processing capabilities

The effect of radiation on lithium doped solar cells

Effects of radiation on efficiency of lithium doped solar cells in electrical space power syste

Grain refinement control in gas-shielded arc welding of aluminum tubing

When sections are being welded, operator varies pulse rate of power supply and simultaneously monitors signal on oscilloscope until rate is found which produces maximum arc gas voltage. Remainder of welding is performed with power supply set at this pulse rate, producing desired maximum weld puddle agitation and fine uniform weld of grain structure

Iron phthalocyanine and MnOx composite catalysts for microbial fuel cell applications

AbstractA low cost iron phthalocyanine (FePc)-MnOx composite catalyst was prepared for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the cathode of microbial fuel cells (MFCs).The catalysts were characterised using rotating ring disc electrode technique. The n number of electrons transferred, and H2O2 production from ORR was investigated. The FePc–MnOx composite catalyst showed higher ORR reduction current than FePc and Pt in low overpotential region. MFC with composite catalysts on the cathode was tested and compared to Pt and FePc cathodes. The cell performance was evaluated in buffered primary clarifier influent from wastewater treatment plant. The membrane-less single chamber MFC generated more power with composite FePcMnOx/MON air cathodes (143mWm−2) than commercial platinum catalyst (140mWm−2) and unmodified FePc/MON (90mWm−2), which is consistent with the RRDE study.The improvement was due to two mechanisms which abate H2O2 release from the composite. H2O2 is the reactant in two processes: (i) chemical regeneration of MnOx after electro-reduction to Mn2+, and (ii) peroxide undergoing chemical disproportionation to O2 and H2O on an electrochemically aged manganese surface retained in the film. Process (i) has the potential to sustain electrochemical reduction of MnOx at cathode potentials as high as 1.0VRHE

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) within Smart City Planning

The terms ‘smart city’ and ‘smart urbanism’ are oftentimes followed by statements about an environmentally friendly, sustainable, and data-driven urban future. Statements as such can be quite assumptive and controversial because the smart city is not homogenous and can vary from location to location. However, a smart city strives to be a technologically driven urban environment that uses a collection of sensors, monitors, and devices to collect specific data and information from humans. The information collected, extracted, and analyzed within the smart city is highly dependent on human interactions with such smart technology. Once the data from the city dwellers and visitors is extracted through the use of smart technology, big corporations, companies, transit agencies, and municipalities can better predict overall usage, patterns, and flows within the smart city. Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) is an emerging form of public and private transportation that allows for MaaS users to book and pay for a trip via smartphone, website, or call centre all through a single platform. MaaS’ overarching goal is to shift away from personal modes of transportation and to reduce overall traffic congestion. MaaS covers a wide variety of public transportation options such as On-Demand Transit (ODT), Automated Vehicles (AV’s), Electric Scooters (e-scooters), etc. ODT and AV’s provide shuttle buses to connect urban dwellers to their destinations, whereas e-scooters are available for a single individual to complete their trip. Therefore, this paper intends to focus on the use of smart technology and IoT within our transportation system and the political divides transportation can create within our built environment. Additionally, this paper will explore how MaaS micromobility options are changing our urban public transportation system and how such change impacts the level of access city dwellers have to such services

The Impact of Shielding Policy in Wales.

Objectives Shielding was introduced as part of the UK government’s response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to protect Clinically Extremely Vulnerable (CEV) people from infection and serious illness. Various research questions emerged in relation to non-clinical vulnerabilities of those shielding which could be addressed by utilising available health and administrative data. Approach The Shielded Patient List (SPL) was linked with various datasets on the UK Secure Electronic Research Platform (UKSERP) including the Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC), National Survey and Ordnance Survey data for Wales. Some of these were anonymised datasets contained in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank. Algorithms were applied to determine household composition and whether private outdoor space was available for the shielding group. Results were then extracted for Wales broken down by local authority. Results Results from the various strands of research related to shielding will be presented covering provision of outdoor space, household characteristics and composition. Conclusion These analyses demonstrate how population-level data resources can be leveraged quickly to answer newly-emerging policy questions as part of the response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Coloured Filters Enhance the Visual Perception of Social Cues in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Coloured filters have been found to reduce visual distortion of text in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We investigated the effect of the overlays on the “mind in the eye” task in children with ASD and controls matched for age, gender, and nonverbal IQ. Children were shown photographs of the periocular region of various faces and were asked to judge which emotion was being expressed in the eyes. In children with ASD, the perception of the emotion was significantly improved when the photograph was covered by a coloured overlay. The improvement was significantly greater than in the controls, who showed no significant effect of the overlay. A perceptual impairment may contribute to the social difficulties shown in ASD