2,754 research outputs found
Ground-water Movement in the Upper Glacial Aquifer in the Manorville Area, Town of Brookhaven, Long Island, New York, in November 1983
Water levels in 52 wells near the Manorville scavenger-waste disposal facility in the Town of Brookhaven were measured in November 1983 to determine the direction and gradients of groundwater flow in the upper glacial aquifer. Groundwater moves south-southeastward (S22 degrees E) from the groundwater divide, about 6 miles north of the facility, to discharge points near East Moriches and beneath Moriches Bay. The hydraulic gradient beneath the disposal facility is 6.5 ft/mi (0.0012 foot/foot), and the rate of horizontal flow is 0.9 to 1.7 ft/day. Vertical movement of groundwater since closure of the disposal facility in 1982 is probably negligible because the vertical gradients are small and the upper glacial aquifer is anisotropic. During operation of the facility, however, groundwater mounding may have developed beneath the unlined settling basins, which could have induced downward movement of water in the upper glacial aquifer. (USGS
Response to the Letter to the Editor
This paper has attracted interest around the world from the media (both TV
and newspapers). In addition, we have received letters, emails and telephone
calls. One of our favorites was a voicemail message asking us to return a call
to Australia at which point we would learn who really killed JFK. We welcome
the opportunity to respond to the letter to the editor from Mr. Fiorentino. Mr.
Fiorentino claims that our ``statement relating to the likelihood of a second
assassin based on the premise of three or more separate bullets is demonstrably
false.'' In response we would like to simply quote from page 327 of Gerald
Posner's book Case Closed, one of the most well known works supporting the
single assassin theory: ``If Connally was hit by another bullet, it had to be
fired from a second shooter, since the Warren Commission's own reconstructions
showed that Oswald could not have operated the bolt and refired in 1.4
seconds.'' Mr. Fiorentino also claims that the ``second fatal flaw is the use
of a rather uncomplicated formula based on Bayes Theorem.'' Let denote the
evidence and denote the theory that there were just two bullets (and hence
a single shooter). We used Bayes Theorem to hypothetically calculate
from and the prior probability . In order to make ten
times more likely than , the ratio of the prior probabilities
[i.e., ] would have to be greater than 15. Thus, we again
conclude that this casts serious doubt on Dr. Guinn's conclusion that the
evidence supported just two bullets. Sadly, this is far from the first time
that probability has been misunderstood and/or misapplied in a case of public
interest. A notable British example is the Clark case. See Nobles and Schiff
(2005) for details. Finally, we welcome and, in fact, encourage members of the
scientific community to provide alternative analyses of the data.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOAS154 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Chemical and forensic analysis of JFK assassination bullet lots: Is a second shooter possible?
The assassination of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy (JFK) traumatized the
nation. In this paper we show that evidence used to rule out a second assassin
is fundamentally flawed. This paper discusses new compositional analyses of
bullets reportedly to have been derived from the same batch as those used in
the assassination. The new analyses show that the bullet fragments involved in
the assassination are not nearly as rare as previously reported. In particular,
the new test results are compared to key bullet composition testimony presented
before the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA). Matches of bullets
within the same box of bullets are shown to be much more likely than indicated
in the House Select Committee on Assassinations' testimony. Additionally, we
show that one of the ten test bullets is considered a match to one or more
assassination fragments. This finding means that the bullet fragments from the
assassination that match could have come from three or more separate bullets.
Finally, this paper presents a case for reanalyzing the assassination bullet
fragments and conducting the necessary supporting scientific studies. These
analyses will shed light on whether the five bullet fragments constitute three
or more separate bullets. If the assassination fragments are derived from three
or more separate bullets, then a second assassin is likely, as the additional
bullet would not easily be attributable to the main suspect, Mr. Oswald, under
widely accepted shooting scenarios [see Posner (1993), Case Closed, Bantam, New
York].Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOAS119 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Meteorological satellite accomplishments
The various types of meteorological satellites are enumerated. Vertical sounding, parameter extraction technique, and both macroscale and mesoscale meteorological phenomena are discussed. The heat budget of the earth-atmosphere system is considered, along with ocean surface and hydrology
Environmental and genetic influences on neurocognitive development: the importance of multiple methodologies and time-dependent intervention
Genetic mutations and environmental factors dynamically influence gene expression and developmental trajectories at the neural, cognitive, and behavioral levels. The examples in this article cover different periods of neurocognitive development—early childhood, adolescence, and adulthood—and focus on studies in which researchers have used a variety of methodologies to illustrate the early effects of socioeconomic status and stress on brain function, as well as how allelic differences explain why some individuals respond to intervention and others do not. These studies highlight how similar behaviors can be driven by different underlying neural processes and show how a neurocomputational model of early development can account for neurodevelopmental syndromes, such as autism spectrum disorders, with novel implications for intervention. Finally, these studies illustrate the importance of the timing of environmental and genetic factors on development, consistent with our view that phenotypes are emergent, not predetermined
Olfactory Sensory Axons Expressing a Dominant–Negative Semaphorin Receptor Enter the CNS Early and Overshoot Their Target
AbstractSensory axons extend from the chick olfactory epithelium to the telencephalon well before the maturation of their target, the olfactory bulb. During a waiting period of several days, olfactory axons arrive and accumulate outside the CNS while the bulb differentiates beneath them. Semephorin-3A is expressed in the telencephalon during this period and has been proposed to prevent their entry into the CNS. We show that the misexpression of a dominant–negative neuropilin-1 that blocks SEMA-3A-mediated signaling in olfactory sensory axons induces many of them to enter the telencephalon prematurely and to overshoot the olfac tory bulb. These results suggest that chemorepellents can prevent the premature innervation of immature targets
Olfactory Sensory Axons Expressing a Dominant–Negative Semaphorin Receptor Enter the CNS Early and Overshoot Their Target
AbstractSensory axons extend from the chick olfactory epithelium to the telencephalon well before the maturation of their target, the olfactory bulb. During a waiting period of several days, olfactory axons arrive and accumulate outside the CNS while the bulb differentiates beneath them. Semephorin-3A is expressed in the telencephalon during this period and has been proposed to prevent their entry into the CNS. We show that the misexpression of a dominant–negative neuropilin-1 that blocks SEMA-3A-mediated signaling in olfactory sensory axons induces many of them to enter the telencephalon prematurely and to overshoot the olfac tory bulb. These results suggest that chemorepellents can prevent the premature innervation of immature targets
Design and performance of ropes for climbing and sailing
Ropes are an important part of the equipment used by climbers, mountaineers, and sailors. On first inspection, most modern polymer ropes appear similar, and it might be assumed that their designs, construction, and properties are governed by the same requirements. In reality, the properties required of climbing ropes are dominated by the requirement that they effectively absorb and dissipate the energy of the falling climber, in a manner that it does not transmit more than a critical amount of force to his body. This requirement is met by the use of ropes with relatively low longitudinal stiffness. In contrast, most sailing ropes require high stiffness values to maximize their effectiveness and enable sailors to control sails and equipment precisely. These conflicting requirements led to the use of different classes of materials and different construction methods for the two sports. This paper reviews in detail the use of ropes, the properties required, manufacturing techniques and materials utilized, and the effect of service conditions on the performance of ropes. A survey of research that has been carried out in the field reveals what progress has been made in the development of these essential components and identifies where further work may yield benefits in the future
Deep Video Generation, Prediction and Completion of Human Action Sequences
Current deep learning results on video generation are limited while there are
only a few first results on video prediction and no relevant significant
results on video completion. This is due to the severe ill-posedness inherent
in these three problems. In this paper, we focus on human action videos, and
propose a general, two-stage deep framework to generate human action videos
with no constraints or arbitrary number of constraints, which uniformly address
the three problems: video generation given no input frames, video prediction
given the first few frames, and video completion given the first and last
frames. To make the problem tractable, in the first stage we train a deep
generative model that generates a human pose sequence from random noise. In the
second stage, a skeleton-to-image network is trained, which is used to generate
a human action video given the complete human pose sequence generated in the
first stage. By introducing the two-stage strategy, we sidestep the original
ill-posed problems while producing for the first time high-quality video
generation/prediction/completion results of much longer duration. We present
quantitative and qualitative evaluation to show that our two-stage approach
outperforms state-of-the-art methods in video generation, prediction and video
completion. Our video result demonstration can be viewed at
https://iamacewhite.github.io/supp/index.htmlComment: Under review for CVPR 2018. Haoye and Chunyan have equal contributio
Transverse force on a quantized vortex in a superconductor
The total transverse force acting on a quantized vortex in a type-II
superconductor determines the Hall response in the mixed state, yet a consensus
as to its correct form is still lacking. In this paper we present an
essentially exact expression for this force, valid in the superclean limit,
which was obtained by generalizing the recent work by Thouless, Ao, and Niu [D.
J. Thouless, P. Ao, and Q. Niu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3758 (1996)] on the Magnus
force in a neutral superfluid. We find the transverse force per unit length to
be , where is the sum of the
mass densities of the normal and superconducting components, is a vector
parallel to the line vortex with a magnitude equal to the quantized
circulation, and is the vortex velocity.Comment: 4 pages, Revtex, 1 figur
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