460 research outputs found

    Foreword

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    Enhancing Iowa State Men’s Basketball Off Court Player Development

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    While working with a college men\u27s basketball team, I enhanced our off court player development program to enhance player experience while at the university. This process, can be evaluated and repeated by other programs that are looking to make a difference in youths lives beyond the sport they are playing. The principles that are discussed throughout are supported by literature within the youth development field

    Sam Hildebrand: Missouri Bushwhacker

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    Jurisdictional Bases of Maritime Claims Founded on Acts of Congress

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    Typical teleoperator time delay profiles, phase 2

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    The results of the second phase of a study on time delays in communications systems applicable to the teleoperator program are presented. Estimates of the maximum time delays that will be encountered and presents time delay profiles are given for (1) ground control to teleoperator in low earth orbit, (2) ground control to teleoperator in geosynchronous orbit, and (3) low earth orbit control to teleoperator in low earth orbit

    Selected time delay data, phase 3

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    The results of a study on time delays in communication systems applicable to the teleoperator program are presented. Time delay data for 11 specific orbits of interest are shown. These data can be used in the MSFC teleoperator simulator to investigate the effect of time delays in the communications link on the teleoperator control functions

    Criminal Jurisdiction of Tribal Courts Over Nonmember Indians: The Circuit Split

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    In contemporary educational settings algebra is considered to be of vital importance for student's continuation to more advanced studies in mathematics, thereby affecting their chances for future education and employment. However, a substantial number of students do not benefit from the algebra presently taught in schools and fail to use algebraic reasoning. The purpose of this study was to enhance the understanding of how classroom discourse supports the students' learning of algebra. The study rests on two basic assumptions, firstly mathematics is regarded a discourse, secondly teachers' instruction during lessons and the textbooks used in school are envisioned as potential means for supporting students' algebraic development. The issue of learning was examined through a focus on progression of algebraic discourse in mathematics textbooks, for grade levels 2, 5 and 8. Furthermore, in order to study classroom discourse more broadly, the algebraic discourse of teachers' lesson introduction talks in grade 8, were examined in relation to the algebraic discourse of textbooks. The foundation for the analyses was a discursive perspective and a communicational theory depicting algebraic development as a hierarchical structure of consecutive discursive levels. The mathematics textbooks' and teachers' discourses were analysed regarding the presence of signifiers of algebraic objects, more informally unknowns, and concerning four measures of discursive complexity. Mean value of the number of words constituting the signifier of algebraic object, signifier length equal to or exceeding two words, signifier length equal to or exceeding six words, and as amount of signifiers of algebraic objects of a higher discursive level. The results show that there were signifiers of algebraic objects present in all three mathematics textbooks and in teachers' lesson talks. The number of these signifiers of algebraic objects in the mathematics textbooks grew substantially between grade 2 and 5 with a moderate increase between grade 5 and 8. Also the mean value of the number of words constituting these signifiers of algebraic objects grew between grade 2 and 8, as well as the amount of signifiers of algebraic objects consisting of six or more words. Complexity measured as amount of signifiers of algebraic objects of a higher discursive level grew from grad 2, were there were no such signifiers of algebraic objects, to grade 8 were there were 17 % of the total amount. Thus, the analyses of the textbooks exhibit a progression of increasing complexity in terms of the measures focused in this study. In comparison, the complexity of teachers' discourse is lower than the discourse of any of the mathematics textbooks concerning mean value of signifier length. The amount of signifiers of algebraic objects of a signifier length equal to or exceeding two words were comparable with the amount in the grade 2 mathematics textbook. Concerning signifier length equal to or exceeding six words the amount in the teachers' lesson talks were in the same order of size as the corresponding measure in the mathematics textbook of grade 5. I det samtida skolvÀsendet anses algebra ha stor betydelse för elevers möjligheter att fortsÀtta till mera avancerade matematikstudier. DessvÀrre har mÄnga elever inte fördel av den algebra som undervisas i dagens skola och kan inte anvÀnda sig av ett algebraiskt resonemang. Syftet med den hÀr studien Àr att öka förstÄelsen om hur klassrumsdiskurser stödjer elevers algebraiska lÀrande. Till grund för studien ligger tvÄ antaganden. Dels antas matematik vara en diskurs, dels betraktas lÀrarens genomgÄngar och matematikboken som anvÀnds i skolan som medel för att potentiellt stödja elevernas algebraiska utveckling. LÀrandeaspekten undersöktes genom att fokusera pÄ den algebraiska diskursens progression i matematikböcker i Ärskurserna 2, 5 och 8. För att dessutom kunna studera klassrumsdiskurs i ett vidare perspektiv, undersöktes den algebraiska diskursen i lÀrares lektionsgenomgÄngar i Ärskurs 8 och relaterades till den algebraiska diskursen i matematikböckerna. Till grund för analyserna lÄg ett diskursivt perspektiv och en teori rörande kommunikation dÀr algebraisk utveckling ses som en hierarkisk struktur uppbyggd av olika, pÄ varandra följande diskursiva nivÄer. LÀrarnas och matematikböckernas diskurser analyserades med avseende pÄ om dÀr fanns uttryck för algebraiska objekt, mera vardagligt obekanta, och med avseende pÄ de fyra mÄtten pÄ diskursiv komplexitet: medelvÀrde av antalet ord som utgör uttrycken för de algebraiska objekten, uttryckslÀngd lika med eller mer Àn tvÄ ord, uttryckslÀngd lika med eller mer Àn sex ord och slutligen andelen utryck för algebraiska objekt som Àr av en högre diskursiv nivÄ.   Resultaten visar att det fanns uttryck för algebraiska objekt i alla tre matematikböckerna och i lÀrarnas lektionsgenomgÄngar. Antalet uttryck för algebraiska objekt i matematikböckerna ökar avsevÀrt mellan Ärkurs 2 och 5, med en mÄttlig ökning mellan Ärskurs 5 och 8. DÀrtill ökar medelvÀrdet för antalet ord som bygger upp dessa uttryck för algebraiska objekt mellan Ärskurs 2 och 8, tillika med andelen uttryck för algebraiska objekt som bestÄr av sex ord eller mer. Komplexitet mÀtt som andel uttryck för algebraiska objekt tillhörande en högre diskursive nivÄ, ökade frÄn Ärskurs 2, dÀr det inte fanns nÄgra sÄdana uttryck för algebraiska objekt, till Ärskurs 8 dÀr andelen var 17 %. SÄledes visar analyserna att textböckerna ger utryck för en progression sÄ som den har mÀtts i denna studie. NÀr det gÀller medelvÀrde av uttryckens lÀngd visar en jÀmförelse att uttrycken i lÀrarnas diskurs  har lÀgre medelvÀrde Àn nÄgon av matematikböckerna. Komplexitet mÀtt som andelen uttryck för algebraiska objekt med en uttryckslÀngd pÄ tvÄ ord eller mer Àr i lÀrarnas diskurs jÀmförbar med motsvarande andel i matematikboken i Ärskurs 2. Komplexitet mÀtt som uttryckslÀngd pÄ sex ord eller mer visar att andelen i lÀrarnas diskurs Àr i samma storleksordning som motsvarande mÄtt i Ärskurs 5.
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