New Approaches to Estimation of White Matter Connectivity in Diffusion Tensor MRI: Elliptic PDEs and Geodesics in a Tensor-Warped Space

We investigate new approaches to quantifying the white matter connectivity in the brain using Di#usion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging data. Our first approach finds a steady-state concentration /heat distribution using the three-dimensional tensor field as di#usion /conductivity tensors. Our second approach casts the problem in a Riemannian framework, deriving from each tensor a local warping of space, and finding geodesic paths in the space. Both approaches use the information from the whole tensor, and can provide numerical measures of connectivity

Atypical Glandular Cells And Adenocarcinoma In Situ According To The Bethesda 2001 Classification: Cytohistological Correlation And Clinical Implications

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the 2001 Bethesda classification of endocervical glandular abnormalities and histological diagnosis. Study design: A series of 155 women with endocervical glandular abnormalities on cervical smears were included: 91 with atypical glandular cells (AGC) not otherwise specified (NOS), 15 with AGC-favor neoplastic (FN); 35 with AGC associated with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) as combined diagnosis and 14 with adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Results: Histological outcome of squamous neoplasias (CIN 2 or worse) and adenocarcinoma were significantly associated with AGC-FN and AIS, taking as reference AGC-NOS, and more associated with AIS than AGC-FN. Similar associations were observed for histological outcome of adenocarcinoma, but no association was observed for only squamous neoplasia. Histological outcome of CIN2 or worse was strongly associated with AGC when HSIL was also present, but no association was observed with only for adenocarcinoma histological outcome. Conclusions: AGC-NOS, AGC-FN and AIS cytological diagnosis represent a progressively increasing association with neoplastic diagnosis, due to progressively increasing association with adenocarcinoma. Histological outcome of squamous neoplasia is frequent but does not differ with these cytological interpretations. The presence of HSIL associated with AGC represents greater probability of squamous neoplasia but not adenocarcinoma. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 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