7 research outputs found
Towards a Circular Economy in Sweden - Barriers for new business models and the need for policy intervention
In order to halt current resource depletion and minimise environmental destruction, we need to reduce our dependency on virgin raw materials. There is a growing political consensus in the EU that we have to move away from our current linear economic system to one that is based on closing material loops, a circular economy. There is therefore a great need for new business models based on for example sharing, reusing and remanufacturing. A small portion of frontrunner companies are leading the way in Sweden and internationally, however the current political and societal trajectory impose numerous barriers for such businesses to scale up. New and revised policy intervention is therefore needed to pave the way for circular business models. In Sweden, a lack of policies which promote such development is apparent, and the interrelations between barriers for certain business models and the need for policy intervention is highly unexplored. This study identifies barriers and the need for policy intervention to overcome them, based on input from representatives from companies currently practicing business models based on circular economy thinking. It further maps relevant environmental policies in Sweden, in order to understand how the current political landscape addresses elements related to circular economy and make suggestions for how to further support circular business models in Sweden via policy intervention. Findings show that barriers are first and foremost institutional and market based related to price signals and consumer behaviour. But they are also political in terms of lack of ambition and long-term thinking, technological in terms of product design, and organisational in terms of lack of funding and lack of integration of the concept into core business. Policy intervention therefore needs to be multi-dimensional. A mix of measures based on regulations, economic instruments, information spreading and demand stimulations need to be placed within an overall governance framework based on enabling infrastructure, national targets and broad, long-term agreements
Solblockerande textilier : Optimering av solskydd
extilindustrin mĂ„ste stĂ€ndigt söka nya alternativ inom belĂ€ggningar och laminering för att minska den skadliga miljöpĂ„verkan. En frĂ„ga som uppkommit Ă€r om belĂ€ggningar anvĂ€nds i större utstrĂ€ckning Ă€n vad som egentligen behövs. Denna kandidatuppsats har skrivits i samarbete med Artex AB och kretsar kring ett befintligt solskydd och solens ljusspektrum som bestĂ„r av strĂ„lar mellan 320â2500 nm. Material som bestrĂ„las kan antingen absorbera, reflektera eller transmittera dessa strĂ„lar. StrĂ„larnas alternativa vĂ€gar adderat med varandra blir alltid hundra procent, vilket innebĂ€r att genom att öka den reflekterande förmĂ„gan minskas de andra tvĂ„ tillstĂ„nden. I denna studie granskas den totala reflekterande förmĂ„gan av ljusspektrumet hos textila material som i sin tur beror pĂ„ mĂ„nga olika faktorer. Det undersöks Ă€ven om det Ă€r ett steg i fel riktning att anvĂ€nda sig av belĂ€ggningar för att nĂ„ ett bĂ€ttre högreflekterande material. Detta Ă€ven för att minska miljöbelastningen. Eftersom belĂ€ggningar generellt förstyvar material Ă€r detta kontraproduktivt nĂ€r man vill bibehĂ„lla följsamheten hos en tygvara, vilket Ă€r avgörande för denna typ av produkt. Skrynkelheten gĂ„r nĂ€mligen hand i hand med tygvarans dĂ„ stumma yta. Detta projekt fokuserar pĂ„ solskydd som ska anvĂ€ndas inifrĂ„n en bil. Syftet med studien var alltsĂ„ att undersöka om en obelagd vit och tĂ€t tygvara kan uppnĂ„ tillrĂ€cklig funktion för ett solskydd innanför en bil. I experimenten anvĂ€ndes fyra olika tygvaror med olika strukturer i bindningarna för att göra en sĂ„ omfattande studie som möjligt. Dessa fyra var: en satin, en varptrikĂ„ och tvĂ„ stycken tvĂ„skaft, varav den ena glesare och mer matt Ă€n den andra. Respektive tygvara beströks med ett fĂ€rgpigment för att analysera om kombinationen mellan reflektion och elastisk potential var möjlig. Tester som genomförts i denna undersökning var: bestĂ€mning av fĂ€rghĂ€rdighet, total reflektion, ljustransmittansmĂ€tning och ett egenkomponerat skrynkeltest. Vidare granskades dess skillnader för att undersöka om ett vitt material kunde ge en bĂ€ttre totalreflektion, men Ă€ven för att bevisa att en tygvaras konstruktion kan erhĂ„lla följsamheten Ă€ven om en belĂ€ggning Ă€r nödvĂ€ndig. MĂ€tvĂ€rdena granskades för att sedan jĂ€mföra, först med varandra och sedan mot ett referensprov som kommer frĂ„n en befintlig produkt som författarna fick att tillgĂ„ frĂ„n Artex AB. En trikĂ„varas elastiska förmĂ„ga visade sig kunna bibehĂ„llas trots ett belagt ytskikt, och visade Ă€ven pĂ„ bra totalreflektion. Denna varptrikĂ„ uppvisade, tillsammans med satinen, pĂ„ bra totalreflektion dĂ„ de var obelagda och hade god följsamhet. I test om totalreflektion visades det att en vit tĂ€t tygvara reflekterade större procent Ă€n en belagd tygvara i det synliga ljusets spektrum. För att kunna dra slutsatser om ett vitt obelagt tyg med dessa konstruktioner (satin och varptrikĂ„) hade varit bĂ€ttre för ett solskydd hade vidare undrsökningar behövts göras. Detta för att se hur mycket av den totala reaktionen som Ă€r diffus respektive spekulĂ€rThe textile industry must always find ways to reinvent itself and look for alternative options, as the coating and lamination industries are vital for a better environment. A question that needs answering is if coating on textiles are used more than needed. This bachelor thesis is written in cooperation with Artex AB and revolves around the suns light spectrum that consists of rays of 320 to 2500 nm. Materials that irradiate can either absorb, reflect or transmit these wavelengths. The rays alternative routes added with each other is always one hundred percent, which means that through increasing the reflecting capacity the other two will decrease. The most interesting part of this study, was to examine the ability of the light spectrum for material, and take in to consideration itâs construction, structure and color. Textile materials are often coated to add qualities and, in this case, to increase reflecting quality. This study is trying to prove, that it's a step in the wrong direction when it comes to the functionality of a sunshade product and for a reduced impact on the environment. As coating generally stiffens materials itâs contuerproductive with regards to keeping the resilience for the fabric, which is decisive for this type of product. The wrinkles go hand in hand with the fabrics coated surface. Since this project focuses on an existing sunshade product that will be used inside of a car, the heat radiation and the undulations within a certain wavelength that requires reflection will be focused on. The purpose with the study was to examine if an uncoated white fabric can achieve the same function in a sunshade as the current fabric in the product. In the experiments, four fabrics with different structures were used to complete such a comprehensive study as possible. These four fabrics were: one satin, one warp knitted and two plain weave, where one of them was more faint and sparse than the other. Each fabric was coated with a color pigment to analyze the possibilities of a high reflective material that still has elastic potential. The tests that were made was: determination of color fastness, total reflection, light transmit and a wrinkle test. Further on these differences were reviewed, and then concluded that the coating, in hope of increasing the reflection, is negligible. But also, to prove that a fabrics construction can keep its resilience even with a coated surface. These values have been reviewed and then compared with each other and against a reference fabric that the writers took part of from Artex AB. A warp knitted fabric was able to maintain its elastic ability regardless of a coated surface, and also shows good total reflection. This warp knitted fabric showed, together with the satin, good total reflection when they were uncoated and had good resilience. In this test for total reflection, it was proven that a white dense fabric reflects better than a coated fabric in the visible spectra of light. To be able to conclude if a white uncoated fabric with these constructions (satin and warp knitting) would be more useful for a sunshade, further studies had to be made, to see how much of the total reaction that is diffuse and specular
Solblockerande textilier : Optimering av solskydd
extilindustrin mĂ„ste stĂ€ndigt söka nya alternativ inom belĂ€ggningar och laminering för att minska den skadliga miljöpĂ„verkan. En frĂ„ga som uppkommit Ă€r om belĂ€ggningar anvĂ€nds i större utstrĂ€ckning Ă€n vad som egentligen behövs. Denna kandidatuppsats har skrivits i samarbete med Artex AB och kretsar kring ett befintligt solskydd och solens ljusspektrum som bestĂ„r av strĂ„lar mellan 320â2500 nm. Material som bestrĂ„las kan antingen absorbera, reflektera eller transmittera dessa strĂ„lar. StrĂ„larnas alternativa vĂ€gar adderat med varandra blir alltid hundra procent, vilket innebĂ€r att genom att öka den reflekterande förmĂ„gan minskas de andra tvĂ„ tillstĂ„nden. I denna studie granskas den totala reflekterande förmĂ„gan av ljusspektrumet hos textila material som i sin tur beror pĂ„ mĂ„nga olika faktorer. Det undersöks Ă€ven om det Ă€r ett steg i fel riktning att anvĂ€nda sig av belĂ€ggningar för att nĂ„ ett bĂ€ttre högreflekterande material. Detta Ă€ven för att minska miljöbelastningen. Eftersom belĂ€ggningar generellt förstyvar material Ă€r detta kontraproduktivt nĂ€r man vill bibehĂ„lla följsamheten hos en tygvara, vilket Ă€r avgörande för denna typ av produkt. Skrynkelheten gĂ„r nĂ€mligen hand i hand med tygvarans dĂ„ stumma yta. Detta projekt fokuserar pĂ„ solskydd som ska anvĂ€ndas inifrĂ„n en bil. Syftet med studien var alltsĂ„ att undersöka om en obelagd vit och tĂ€t tygvara kan uppnĂ„ tillrĂ€cklig funktion för ett solskydd innanför en bil. I experimenten anvĂ€ndes fyra olika tygvaror med olika strukturer i bindningarna för att göra en sĂ„ omfattande studie som möjligt. Dessa fyra var: en satin, en varptrikĂ„ och tvĂ„ stycken tvĂ„skaft, varav den ena glesare och mer matt Ă€n den andra. Respektive tygvara beströks med ett fĂ€rgpigment för att analysera om kombinationen mellan reflektion och elastisk potential var möjlig. Tester som genomförts i denna undersökning var: bestĂ€mning av fĂ€rghĂ€rdighet, total reflektion, ljustransmittansmĂ€tning och ett egenkomponerat skrynkeltest. Vidare granskades dess skillnader för att undersöka om ett vitt material kunde ge en bĂ€ttre totalreflektion, men Ă€ven för att bevisa att en tygvaras konstruktion kan erhĂ„lla följsamheten Ă€ven om en belĂ€ggning Ă€r nödvĂ€ndig. MĂ€tvĂ€rdena granskades för att sedan jĂ€mföra, först med varandra och sedan mot ett referensprov som kommer frĂ„n en befintlig produkt som författarna fick att tillgĂ„ frĂ„n Artex AB. En trikĂ„varas elastiska förmĂ„ga visade sig kunna bibehĂ„llas trots ett belagt ytskikt, och visade Ă€ven pĂ„ bra totalreflektion. Denna varptrikĂ„ uppvisade, tillsammans med satinen, pĂ„ bra totalreflektion dĂ„ de var obelagda och hade god följsamhet. I test om totalreflektion visades det att en vit tĂ€t tygvara reflekterade större procent Ă€n en belagd tygvara i det synliga ljusets spektrum. För att kunna dra slutsatser om ett vitt obelagt tyg med dessa konstruktioner (satin och varptrikĂ„) hade varit bĂ€ttre för ett solskydd hade vidare undrsökningar behövts göras. Detta för att se hur mycket av den totala reaktionen som Ă€r diffus respektive spekulĂ€rThe textile industry must always find ways to reinvent itself and look for alternative options, as the coating and lamination industries are vital for a better environment. A question that needs answering is if coating on textiles are used more than needed. This bachelor thesis is written in cooperation with Artex AB and revolves around the suns light spectrum that consists of rays of 320 to 2500 nm. Materials that irradiate can either absorb, reflect or transmit these wavelengths. The rays alternative routes added with each other is always one hundred percent, which means that through increasing the reflecting capacity the other two will decrease. The most interesting part of this study, was to examine the ability of the light spectrum for material, and take in to consideration itâs construction, structure and color. Textile materials are often coated to add qualities and, in this case, to increase reflecting quality. This study is trying to prove, that it's a step in the wrong direction when it comes to the functionality of a sunshade product and for a reduced impact on the environment. As coating generally stiffens materials itâs contuerproductive with regards to keeping the resilience for the fabric, which is decisive for this type of product. The wrinkles go hand in hand with the fabrics coated surface. Since this project focuses on an existing sunshade product that will be used inside of a car, the heat radiation and the undulations within a certain wavelength that requires reflection will be focused on. The purpose with the study was to examine if an uncoated white fabric can achieve the same function in a sunshade as the current fabric in the product. In the experiments, four fabrics with different structures were used to complete such a comprehensive study as possible. These four fabrics were: one satin, one warp knitted and two plain weave, where one of them was more faint and sparse than the other. Each fabric was coated with a color pigment to analyze the possibilities of a high reflective material that still has elastic potential. The tests that were made was: determination of color fastness, total reflection, light transmit and a wrinkle test. Further on these differences were reviewed, and then concluded that the coating, in hope of increasing the reflection, is negligible. But also, to prove that a fabrics construction can keep its resilience even with a coated surface. These values have been reviewed and then compared with each other and against a reference fabric that the writers took part of from Artex AB. A warp knitted fabric was able to maintain its elastic ability regardless of a coated surface, and also shows good total reflection. This warp knitted fabric showed, together with the satin, good total reflection when they were uncoated and had good resilience. In this test for total reflection, it was proven that a white dense fabric reflects better than a coated fabric in the visible spectra of light. To be able to conclude if a white uncoated fabric with these constructions (satin and warp knitting) would be more useful for a sunshade, further studies had to be made, to see how much of the total reaction that is diffuse and specular