GPs' views on new national smoking cessation guidelines

Objectives: To assess GPs? views on recently published national smoking cessation guidelines that form the foundation of the government?s smoking cessation strategy.Design: Postal survey of a random sample of GPs. GPs were asked to judge the appropriateness, effectiveness and practicability of key recommendations for primary care in recent national smoking cessation guidelines.Setting: General practice, England and Wales.Subjects: 236 GPs, effective response rate: 62%.Results: Only 16% of GPs accepted that all the recommendations in the guidelines were appropriate; 43% accepted that it was appropriate to check the smoking status of known smokers when they visit the surgery and only 30% thought it was practicable to advise smokers to stop at every opportunity. However, 77% of GPs thought that they should provide assistance for smokers wanting to stop; 74% believed that they should refer smokers to specialist services if appropriate and a similar proportion (77%) believed that it was appropriate to recommend nicotine replacement. Conclusions: Recommendations that involved the GP being proactive in monitoring smoking status and advising smokers to stop were not widely supported. There was greater acceptance that GPs should assist smokers wanting to stop, either by recommending NRT or providing counselling or referral. It appears that GPs do not widely support those recommendations that would produce the greatest public health gains

Generalised BPS conditions

We write down two E11 invariant conditions which at low levels reproduce the known half BPS conditions for type II theories. These new conditions contain, in addition to the familiar central charges, an infinite number of further charges which are required in an underlying theory of strings and branes. We comment on the application of this work to higher derivative string corrections

E11 and Spheric Vacuum Solutions of Eleven- and Ten dimensional Supergravity Theories

In view of the newly conjectured Kac-Moody symmetries of supergravity theories placed in eleven and ten dimensions, the relation between these symmetry groups and possible compactifications are examined. In particular, we identify the relevant group cosets that parametrise the vacuum solutions of AdS x S type.Comment: discussion improve

Generalised Space-time and Gauge Transformations

We consider the generalised space-time introduced by the author in 2003 in the context of the non-linear realisation of the semi-direct product of E11 and its first fundamental representation. For all the fields we propose gauge transformations which are compatible with the underlying E11 structure. A crucial role is played by the generalised vielbein that the generalised space-time possess. We work out the explicit form of the gauge transformations, at low levels, in four, five and eleven dimensions.Comment: 33 page

Voyager 1 imaging and IRIS observations of Jovian methane absorption and thermal emission: Implications for cloud structure

Images from three filters of the Voyager 1 wide angle camera are used to measure the continuum reflectivity and spectral gradient near 6000 A and the 6190 A band methane/continuum ratio for a variety of cloud features in Jupiter's atmosphere. The dark barge features in the North Equatorial Belt have anomalously strong positive continuum spectral gradients suggesting unique composition. Methane absorption is shown at unprecedented spatial scales for the Great Red Spot and its immediate environment, for a dark barge feature in the North Equatorial Belt, and for two hot spot and plume regions in the North Equatorial Belt. Methane absorption and five micrometer emission are correlated in the vicinity of the Great Red Spot but are anticorrelated in one of the plume hot spot regions. Methane absorption and simultaneous maps of five micrometer brightness temperature is quantitatively compared to realistic cloud structure models which include multiple scattering at five micrometer as well as in the visible. Variability in H2 quadrupole lines are also investigated

Evidence for the Collective Nature of the Reentrant Integer Quantum Hall States of the Second Landau Level

We report an unexpected sharp peak in the temperature dependence of the magnetoresistance of the reentrant integer quantum Hall states in the second Landau level. This peak defines the onset temperature of these states. We find that in different spin branches the onset temperatures of the reentrant states scale with the Coulomb energy. This scaling provides direct evidence that Coulomb interactions play an important role in the formation of these reentrant states evincing their collective nature