144 research outputs found
Silicon-CMOS Compatible In-Situ CCVD Grown Graphene Transistors with Ultra-High On/Off-Current Ratio
By means of catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) in-situ grown
monolayer graphene field-effect transistors (MoLGFETs) and bilayer graphene
transistors (BiLGFETs) are realized directly on oxidized silicon substrate
without the need to transfer graphene layers. In-situ grown MoLGFETs exhibit
the expected Dirac point together with the typical low on/off-current ratios.
In contrast, BiLGFETs possess unipolar p-type device characteristics with an
extremely high on/off-current ratio up to 1E7. The complete fabrication process
is silicon CMOS compatible. This will allow a simple and low-cost integration
of graphene devices for nanoelectronic applications in a hybrid silicon CMOS
environment.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
Identification of DNA methylation biomarkers from Infinium arrays
Epigenetic modifications of DNA, such as cytosine methylation are differentially abundant in diseases such as cancer. A goal for clinical research is finding sites that are differentially methylated between groups of samples to act as potential biomarkers for disease outcome. However, clinical samples are often limited in availability, represent a heterogeneous collection of cells or are of uncertain clinical class. Array based methods for identification of methylation provide a cost effective method to survey a proportion of the methylome at single base resolution. The Illumina Infinium array has become a popular and reliable high throughput method in this field and are proving useful in the identification of biomarkers for disease. Here, we compare a commonly used statistical test with a new intuitive and flexible computational approach to quickly detect differentially methylated sites. The method rapidly identifies and ranks candidate lists with greatest inter-group variability whilst controlling for intra-group variability. Intuitive and biologically relevant filters can be imposed to quickly identify sites and genes of interest
Transfer-free fabrication of graphene transistors
We invented a method to fabricate graphene transistors on oxidized silicon
wafers without the need to transfer graphene layers. To stimulate the growth of
graphene layers on oxidized silicon a catalyst system of nanometer thin
aluminum/nickel double layer is used. This catalyst system is structured via
liftoff before the wafer enters the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD)
chamber. In the subsequent methane based growth process monolayer graphene
field-effect transistors (MoLGFETs) and bilayer graphene transistors (BiLGFETs)
are realized directly on oxidized silicon substrate, whereby the number of
stacked graphene layers is determined by the selected CCVD process parameters,
e.g. temperature and gas mixture. Subsequently, Raman spectroscopy is performed
within the channel region in between the catalytic areas and the Raman spectra
of fivelayer, bilayer and monolayer graphene confirm the existence of graphene
grown by this silicon-compatible, transfer-free and in-situ fabrication
approach. These graphene FETs will allow a simple and low-cost integration of
graphene devices for nanoelectronic applications in a hybrid silicon CMOS
environment.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Transfer-free Grown Bilayer Graphene Transistors for Digital Applications
We invented a novel method to fabricate graphene transistors on oxidized
silicon wafers without the need to transfer graphene layers. By means of
catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) the in-situ grown bilayer graphene
transistors (BiLGFETs) are realized directly on oxidized silicon substrate,
whereby the number of stacked graphene layers is determined by the selected
CCVD process parameters, e.g. temperature and gas mixture. BiLGFETs exhibit
ultra-high on/off-current ratios of 107 at room temperature, exceeding
previously reported values by several orders of magnitude. This will allow a
simple and low-cost integration of graphene devices for digital nanoelectronic
applications in a hybrid silicon CMOS environment for the first time.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1112.4320, arXiv:1111.639
Novel Electrostatically Doped Planar Field-Effect Transistor for High Temperature Applications
In this paper, we present experimental results and simulation data of an
electrostatically doped and therefore voltage-programmable, planar,
CMOS-compatible field-effect transistor (FET) structure. This planar device is
based on our previously published Si-nanowire (SiNW) technology. Schottky
barrier source/drain (S/D) contacts and a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology
platform are the key features of this dual-gated but single channel universal
FET. The combination of two electrically independent gates, one back-gate for
S/D Schottky barrier modulation as well as channel formation to establish
Schottky barrier FET (SBFET) operation and one front-gate forming a
junctionless FET (JLFET) for actual current control, significantly increases
the temperature robustness of the device.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figure
A comparative approach to understanding tissue-specific expression of uncoupling protein 1 expression in adipose tissue
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Optimal regulatory strategies for metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli depending on protein costs
While previous studies have shed light on the link between the structure of metabolism and its transcriptional regulation, the extent to which transcriptional regulation controls metabolism has not yet been fully explored. In this work, we address this problem by integrating a large number of experimental data sets with a model of the metabolism of Escherichia coli. Using a combination of computational tools including the concept of elementary flux patterns, methods from network inference and dynamic optimization, we find that transcriptional regulation of pathways reflects the protein investment into these pathways. While pathways that are associated to a high protein cost are controlled by fine‐tuned transcriptional programs, pathways that only require a small protein cost are transcriptionally controlled in a few key reactions. As a reason for the occurrence of these different regulatory strategies, we identify an evolutionary trade‐off between the conflicting requirements to reduce protein investment and the requirement to be able to respond rapidly to changes in environmental conditions
Drawn Stories, Moving Images. Comic Books and their Screen Adaptations
The comic transcends the merely entertaining, and fans of comics become engaged and invested in the field through a range of activities. Major cities host regular comic conventions, attracting hundreds of thousands of attendees each year, who search for special issues of their favourite comic-book series, meet artists, attend workshops and buy merchandise. Many fans do not stop at just attending conventions; they do so dressed as their favourite comic characters or wearing badges, buttons, T-shirts or sweaters with images of those characters on them. In other words: many fans do ot merely consume comic books; rather, they arrange a considerable part of their lives around them and in some cases even embody their heroes, that is, they copy their behaviour and their language. The comic universe, the comic books and the range of activities emerging out of them and around them become a meaningful universe for fans
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