Экологическая безопасность способов борьбы с вредителями и болезнями растений

Данная статья посвящена рассмотрению основных способов борьбы с вредителями и болезнями сельскохозяйственных культур, приводится их краткая сравнительная характеристика. На основе анализ литературных источников делается вывод о том, что оптимальным является использование интегрированной системы защиты растений в агропромышленном земледелии как наиболее экологически безопасной и эффективной. This article discusses the main ways of combating pests and diseases of agricultural crops, provides a brief comparative characteristics. Based on the literature analysis it is concluded that the optimum integrated system of plant protection in the agricultural agriculture as the most environmentally safe and effective

Entscheidungsstrukturen in Schulen. Eine differenzielle Analyse der Schulorganisation

Vor dem Hintergrund der Diskussion um die Einzelschule als Gestaltungseinheit werden Ergebnisse aus einem empirischen Forschungsprojekt vorgestellt, in dem die Entscheidungsstrukturen von Schulen Gegenstand einer explorativen Analyse sind. Ziel der Analyse ist eine differenzierende Darstellung von Strukturmustern der Schulorganisation, in denen die Perspektiven von Lehrern und Schulleitern berücksichtigt werden. Die Ergebnisse bieten einen Ausgangspunkt für multidimensionale Modellierungen der Schulorganisation. (DIPF/Orig.)Against the background of the debate on the individual school as organizational unit, the author presents results of an empirical research project focussing on an explorative analysis of decision-structures in schools. This analysis aims at a discriminative outline of structural patterns of school organization which take into account the perspectives of both teachers and principals. The results provide a starting point for a multi-dimensional modeling of school organization. (DIPF/Orig.

Substance-related environmental monitoring strategies regarding soil and surface water - an overview

Substance-related monitoring is an essential tool within environmental risk assessment processes. The soundness of policy decisions including risk management measures is often directly related to the reliability of the environmental monitoring programs. In addition, monitoring programs are required for identifying new and less-investigated pollutants of concern in different environmental media. Scientifically sound and feasible monitoring concepts strongly depend on the aim of the study. The proper definition of questions to be answered is thus of pivotal importance. Decisions on sample handling, storage and the analysis of the samples are important steps for the elaboration of problem-oriented monitoring strategies. The same applies to the selection of the sampling sites as being representative for scenarios to be investigated. These steps may become critical to handle for larger international monitoring programs and thus trigger the quality of their results. This study based on the work of an IUPAC task group addresses different kinds and approaches of substance-related monitoring for soils and surface water, and discusses their advantages and limitations. Further important aspects are the monitoring across policies and the monitoring data management using information systems.JRC.H.1-Water Resource