Produção científica sobre o biogas dos resíduos do beneficiamento da mandioca no Brasil: características e abordagens

The presented research proposes an investigation on how scientific production has been carried out regarding biogas produced from cassava processing residues in Brazil. In this direction, a Systematic Literature Review (SLBR) was carried out, inspired by the principles of the methodology proposed by Tranfield et al. (2003). Data was extracted from the articles according to: a) Characterization of publications; and b) Research approach. Thus, it was found that 2018 was the year with the largest scientific publication on the subject; the formation of the main authors is concentrated in the field of Engineering; and publications are especially focused on the state of Paraná. The predominant methodological approach was the Experimental, which prioritized research with the objective of verifying the Efficiency in the production of biogas, according to: a) Co-digestion, inoculum and alkalinizing strategies; b) Performance of operational parameters; and c) Reactor design performance. It was also verified that most articles do not consider the issue of production scale in their research, and when this parameter was considered, it met the large scale of production. Although the Brazilian cassava crop and its processing are marked by a mostly small-scale production, carried out by family farming and destined for internal trade, it appears that this reality was not addressed in any of the articles analyzed.A pesquisa apresentada propõe uma investigação sobre como tem sido feita a produção cientifica a respeito do biogas produzido a partir dos resíduos do beneficiamento da mandioca no Brasil, Nessa direção foi feita uma Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática da Literatura (RSB) inspirada nos princípios da metodologia proposta por Tranfield et al. (2003). Os dados foram extraídos dos artigos segundo: a) Caracterização das publicações; e b) Abordagem das pesquisas. Assim, foi verificado que 2018 foi o ano com maior publicação cientifica sobre o tema; a formação dos autores principais concentra-se na área das Engenharias; e as publicações concentram-se especialmente no estado no Paraná. A abordagem metodológica predominante foi a Experimental, que priorizou pesquisas com o objetivo de verificar a Eficiência na produção de biogás, segundo: a) Estratégias de codigestão, inoculos e alcalinizantes; b) Desempenho de parâmetros operacionais; e c) Desempenho do desenho dos reatores. Também foi verificado que a maioria dos artigos não considera a questão da escala de produção em sua pesquisa, e quando esse parâmetro foi considerado atendeu a larga escala de produção. Apesar da cultura brasileira da mandioca e seu beneficiamento serem marcados por uma produção de escala majoritariamente pequena, protagonizada pela agricultura familiar e destinada ao comercio interno, verifica-se que essa realidade não foi contemplada em nenhuma dos artigos analisados

Tierarten und Großpilze der Lebensraumtypen des Anhangs I der FFH-Richtlinie

Die Zusammenstellung der Liste der charakteristischen Tierarten erfolgte analog der vom LAU (2002) geschilderten Vorgehensweise. Inzwischen konnten durch die vom LAU in den FFH-LRT Sachsen-Anhalts durchgeführten intensiven faunistischen Untersuchungen ein besseres Bild der charakteristischen und regional typischen Artengemeinschaften vermittelt werden. Allerdings stehen für einige der neu aufgenommenen FFH-LRT solche Untersuchungen noch aus. Deshalb werden hier in naher Zukunft verstärkte Anstrengungen nötig sein, die Wissenslücken zu schließen

The \u3cem\u3eChlamydomonas\u3c/em\u3e Genome Reveals the Evolution of Key Animal and Plant Functions

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the ∼120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella

Methodik

Die vegetationskundliche und strukturelle Zuordnung der Lebensraumtypen erfolgt nach der vorrangig von Braun-Blanquet entwickelten Vegetationsklassifizierung, einer hierarchischen Gliederung der Vegetationstypen (Syntaxonomie), die die Ebenen der Assoziation, des Verbandes, der Ordnung und der Klasse umfasst. Hierbei ist die Assoziation die grundlegende Einheit, in der die Pflanzengesellschaften zusammengefasst werden, die sich durch gleiche charakteristische Arten(gruppen)kombinationen auszeichnen. Der Verband vereinigt ähnliche Assoziationen. Das sind bereits umfassendere, jedoch standörtlich noch recht einheitliche Vegetationseinheiten. In Ordnungen werden ähnliche Verbände zusammengefasst. Die Klasse vereinigt ähnliche Ordnungen

Die Tierwelt der Karstlandschaft Südharz

Die vielgestaltigen Habitate der Südharzer Karstlandschaft bieten einer artenreichen Tierwelt Lebensraum. Zwar sind aus dem Südharz eine Vielzahl von Angaben zu den verschiedensten Tierarten bekannt, systematische Untersuchungen begannen aber erst in der jüngsten Zeit. Fast alle Daten wurden von Einzelpersonen zusammengetragen. Eine Zusammenstellung für den gesamten Harz, der auch alle verfügbaren Meldungen zum Südharz enthält, wurde 1997 mit dem Arten- und Biotopschutzprogramm "Landschaftsraum Harz" vom Landesamt für Umweltschutz veröffentlicht

Determinants of anti-PD-1 response and resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

ADAPTeR is a prospective, phase II study of nivolumab (anti-PD-1) in 15 treatment-naive patients (115 multiregion tumor samples) with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) aiming to understand the mechanism underpinning therapeutic response. Genomic analyses show no correlation between tumor molecular features and response, whereas ccRCC-specific human endogenous retrovirus expression indirectly correlates with clinical response. T cell receptor (TCR) analysis reveals a significantly higher number of expanded TCR clones pre-treatment in responders suggesting pre-existing immunity. Maintenance of highly similar clusters of TCRs post-treatment predict response, suggesting ongoing antigen engagement and survival of families of T cells likely recognizing the same antigens. In responders, nivolumab-bound CD8+ T cells are expanded and express GZMK/B. Our data suggest nivolumab drives both maintenance and replacement of previously expanded T cell clones, but only maintenance correlates with response. We hypothesize that maintenance and boosting of a pre-existing response is a key element of anti-PD-1 mode of action