Migration, Identities and Cultural Change: History and Present Situation of the Santa people in Xinjiang, China

En av huvudmålen med arbetet var att få ökad förståelse för hur medborgarnas makt och inflytande utvecklats historiskt inom stadsplanering. Jag var även intresserad av arkitektens roll i denna process. Jag ville som arkitekt, med stadsplanering som huvudfokus, hitta intressanta vägar att arbeta med medborgare och medborgargrupper och att förstå hur ett reellt lokalt inflytande kan ta form. Därför har jag försökt titta på relationer mellan medborgare, arkitekter, planerare, organisationer och kommun/stat. Jag drevs av en övertygelse att jag lättare kommer att finna argument för mina ”sociala ambitioner” som arkitekt om jag förstår de historiska processerna bakom medborgardeltagandet i både Sverige och ur ett internationellt perspektiv. Jag har undersökt olika historiska och nutida exempel från Sverige, Storbritannien och USA och försökt förstå vad och hur olika idéer hänger samman över tid och mellan länder. Anledningen till att jag valde Storbritannien och USA är att de har producerat flera betydelsefulla grupper och organisationer som just arbetar med medborgarinflytande och medborgarmakt. Examensarbetet presenterades som en utställning som består av- förutom en stor mängd informativt och illustrativt material kring ovannämnd tematik- en vagn och två filmer som jag själv producerat, regisserat och klippt. Filmerna skildrar Alternativ Stad respektive Stadsdelsrådet i Hökarängen. Vagnen är ”en nomadisk installation” som kan ta olika utformningar, stor eller liten, kort eller lång och som kan knytas till flera platser och möjligtvis även delta i en större utställning under temat medborgarmakt och stadsplanering. Som fysisk form är det potentiellt ett mobilt mötesrum, ett utställningsrum, en utställning, ett arkiv, ett bibliotek, en mobil forskningsenhet, en utbildningsenhet, en mobil institution, ett föreläsningsrum samt ett verktyg för urban pedagogik. One of the main goals of my thesis was to gain further understanding of how citizens' power and influence developed historically in planning. I was also interested in the role of the architect in this process. I wanted as an architect, with urban planning as main interest, to find interesting ways to work with citizens and citizen groups and to understand how real local influence can take shape. Therefore I have tried to look at relationships between citizens, architects, planners, NGOs and local government/state. I was driven by a belief that I will more easily find arguments for my “social ambitions” if I understand the historical processes of citizen participation in both Sweden and abroad. I have examined various historical and contemporary examples from Sweden, the UK and the USA and I have tried to understand what and how different ideas are linked over time and between countries. The reason I chose the UK and the USA is that they have produced several important groups and organizations currently working with citizen participation and citizen power. The thesis was presented as an exhibition containing- besides a large amount of informative and illustrative material relating to the above thematics- a wagon and two films that I produced, directed and edited. The films portray the activist group Alternativ Stad and the association Stadsdelsrådet from Hökarängen (a Stockholm suburb). The wagon is "a nomadic installation" that can take various forms, big or small, short or long, which can be linked to multiple locations and possibly even participate in a major exhibition on the theme of citizen power and urban planning. As a physical form, it is potentially a mobile meeting room, an exhibition space, an exhibition, an archive, a library, a mobile research unit, a training unit, a mobile institution, a lecture hall and a tool for urban pedagogy

Designing Plasmonic Materials And Optical Metasurfaces For Light Manipulation And Optical Sensing

Metamaterials are artificial materials designed to create optical properties that do not exist in nature. They are assemblies of subwavelength structures that are tailored in size, shape, composition, and orientation to realize the desired property. Metamaterials are promising for applications in diverse areas: optical filters, lenses, holography, sensors, photodetectors, photovoltaics, photocatalysts, medical devices, and many more, because of their excellent abilities in bending, absorbing, enhancing and blocking light. However, the practical use of metamaterials is challenged by the lack of plasmonic materials with proper permittivity for different applications and the slow and expensive fabrication methods available to pattern sub-wavelength structures. We have also only touched the surface in exploring the innovative uses of metamaterials to solve world problems. In this thesis, we study the fundamental optical properties of metamaterial building blocks by designing material permittivity. We continuously tune the interparticle distance in colloidal Au nanocrystal (NC) solids via the partial ligand exchange process. Then we combine top-down nanoimprint lithography with bottom-up assembly of colloidal NCs to develop a large-area, low-cost fabrication method for subwavelength nanostructures. Via this method, we fabricate and characterize nano-antenna arrays of different sizes and demonstrate metasurface quarter wave-plates of different bandwidth, and compare their performances with simulation results. We also integrate the metasurfaces with chemically- and mechanically-responsive polymers for strong-signal sensing. In the first design, we combine ultrathin plasmonic nanorods with hydrogel to fabricate optical moisture sensors for agricultural use. In the second application, we design mechanically tunable Au grating resonances on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The dimensions of Au grating are carefully engineered to achieve a hybridized, ultrasharp, and ultrasensitive resonance peak

A double salt of iodo­bis­muthate: cis-aqua­iodidobis(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(II) tris­(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(II) trans-hexa-μ2-iodido-hexa­iodidotribismuthate(III)

In the title complex, [Co(C12H8N2)3][CoI(C12H8N2)2(H2O)][Bi3I12], conventionally abbreviated [Co(phen)3][CoI(phen)2(H2O)][Bi3I12], where phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, the CoII atom in one cation is coordinated by six N atoms from three phen ligands in an octa­hedral coordination while the CoII atom in the other cation is coordinated octa­hedrally by four N atoms from two phen ligands, one water O atom and one I atom. In the anion, three BiIII ions adopt an octa­hedral coordination constructed by six I− ligands. The three BiI6 octa­hedra are fused together through trans face-sharing

The Activation of Macrophage and Upregulation of CD40 Costimulatory Molecule in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury

To study the activation of macrophage and upregulation of costimulatory molecule of CD40 in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) model, and to investigate the pathogenecy of ALI, mice were randomly divided into two groups. ALI model was created by injecting 0.2 mg/kg LPS in phosphate saline (PBS) in trachea. The pathologic changes of mice lungs were observed by HE staining at 24 and 48 hours after LPS treatment, then the alveolar septum damage, abnormal contraction, alveolar space hyperemia, and neutrophils or other inflammatory cells infiltration in the LPS group, but not in the control group, were observed. The expression of CD40 mRNA and CD40 protein molecules were higher in LPS group as compared to the control group by Northern blot and flow cytometry, respectively. Expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) in activated macrophage (AMΦ) was higher in LPS group as compared to the control group by RT-PCR. The activation of NF-κB binding to NF-κB consensus oligos increased in LPS group by EMSA in macrophage. The concentrations of TNF-α, MIP-2, and IL-1β cytokines from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were increased significantly in LPS group as compared to the control group by ELISA. The activation of AM and upregulation of costimulatory molecule CD40 induced all kinds of inflammatory cytokines releasing, then led to ALI. Therefore, both of them played vital role in the process of development of ALI

Learning to Accelerate Symbolic Execution via Code Transformation

Symbolic execution is an effective but expensive technique for automated test generation. Over the years, a large number of refined symbolic execution techniques have been proposed to improve its efficiency. However, the symbolic execution efficiency problem remains, and largely limits the application of symbolic execution in practice. Orthogonal to refined symbolic execution, in this paper we propose to accelerate symbolic execution through semantic-preserving code transformation on the target programs. During the initial stage of this direction, we adopt a particular code transformation, compiler optimization, which is initially proposed to accelerate program concrete execution by transforming the source program into another semantic-preserving target program with increased efficiency (e.g., faster or smaller). However, compiler optimizations are mostly designed to accelerate program concrete execution rather than symbolic execution. Recent work also reported that unified settings on compiler optimizations that can accelerate symbolic execution for any program do not exist at all. Therefore, in this work we propose a machine-learning based approach to tuning compiler optimizations to accelerate symbolic execution, whose results may also aid further design of specific code transformations for symbolic execution. In particular, the proposed approach LEO separates source-code functions and libraries through our program-splitter, and predicts individual compiler optimization (i.e., whether a type of code transformation is chosen) separately through analyzing the performance of existing symbolic execution. Finally, LEO applies symbolic execution on the code transformed by compiler optimization (through our local-optimizer). We conduct an empirical study on GNU Coreutils programs using the KLEE symbolic execution engine. The results show that LEO significantly accelerates symbolic execution, outperforming the default KLEE configurations (i.e., turning on/off all compiler optimizations) in various settings, e.g., with the default training/testing time, LEO achieves the highest line coverage in 50/68 programs, and its average improvement rate on all programs is 46.48%/88.92% in terms of line coverage compared with turning on/off all compiler optimizations

Reduction of Eddy Current Loss of Permanent-Magnet Machines with Fractional Slot Concentrated Windings

Abstract-Fractional slots concentrated windings (FSCWs) are characterized with high magnetic motive force (MMF) harmonics which results in undesirable effects on permanent-magnet (PM) machines. A new design technique is reported in this paper in order to simultaneously reduce the sub-and high MMF harmonics. By using multiple layer windings and different turns per coil, a new 18-teeth/10-poles FSCWs PM machine is designed. Then, this machine is evaluated as compared with a conventional 12-teeth/10-poles FSCWs PM machine. Both machines are designed under the same electrical and geometrical constrains. The obtained results verify the high performances of the newly designed machine. Due to the adopted new winding type, the proposed design can effectively reduce eddy current loss in PMs as compared with the conventional design